Anisotropy in shear-sliding fracture behavior of layered shale under different normal stress conditions

Fan, Zidong; Xie, Heping; Ren, Li; Zhang, Ru; He, Rui; Li, Cunbao; Zhang, Ze-Tian; Wang, Jun; Xie, Jing

doi:10.1007/s11771-022-5156-9

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The mechanical properties of rock under deep in situ conditions differ significantly from those under normal temperature and pressure [11,12]. The burial depth of shale gas reservoirs in China generally exceeds 2000 m [13,14], and in situ stress can significantly affect crack propagation in shale gas reservoirs [15,16], which in turn affects the stimulation of shale gas reservoirs. Therefore, it is important to test the fracture toughness of shale under in situ stress to determine the stimulation process of deep shale gas reservoirs [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture Toughness Testing of Brittle Laminated Geomaterials Using Hollow Double-Wing Slotted Specimens

Yao,

Fan,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Materials

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The fracture toughness of shale is a key parameter guiding hydraulic fracturing design and optimization. The hollow double-wing slotted (HDWS) specimen is a typical specimen configuration for measuring the mode I fracture toughness of rock. The calibration of the shape factor (f) is the basis for accurately obtaining the fracture toughness of rocks. In this study, the influences of crack length, hole size, and the anisotropy of elastic parameters on f for specimens with three typical bedding orientations—arrester (A), divider (D), and short-transverse (ST) orientations—are systematically investigated using finite element software. The numerical simulation results support the following findings. The mode I f increases monotonically with an increase in hole size. The influence of crack length on f varies depending on hole sizes. Under different bedding orientations, significant anisotropy in f was observed. In addition, the degree of anisotropy in Young’s modulus has a major impact on f, which is related to the bedding orientation of the specimen. The apparent shear modulus ratio has relatively little influence on f. As the hole size and crack length increase, the influence of the anisotropy of elastic parameters on f increases. Based on numerical calculations, hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted on HDWS specimens of Longmaxi shale with three bedding orientations, and the results showed that the peak pressure and fracture toughness of the samples in the ST direction were the lowest, while those in the A direction were the highest.

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