Anisotropic properties of 3-D printed Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastics

Grant, Aneurin; Regez, Bradley; Kocak, Salih; Huber, Joshua D.; Mooers, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.rinma.2021.100227

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…When the printing angle aligned with the loading direction, as it did in the case of the 0° specimen, the samples were the strongest and stiffest of any printing direction. This was a good indication that PLA specimens were orthotropic and possessed properties that have a strong correlation with the printing angle [ 9 , 11 ]. The longitudinal and transverse elastic moduli and tensile strength were obtained from the 0° and 90° specimens.…”

Section: Testing and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the failure of these structures under various loading conditions. To address this question, research has been conducted to understand the strength and stiffness of 3D printed parts [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Those studies investigated the effect of various printing parameters on the strength and stiffness of 3D printed parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flat specimens were made of PLA and subjected to uniaxial tensile loading, while tubular specimens were made of PC and subjected to combined loading. Because PLA specimens were stronger and stiffer along the printing direction, i.e., raster angle, they behaved as a fibrous composite [ 9 , 11 ]. As the raster angle varied, the PLA specimens behaved as laminated fibrous composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting Failure of Additively Manufactured Specimens with Holes

et al. 2023

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Experimental and computational studies were conducted to predict failure loads of specimens containing different-sized holes made using the additive manufacturing (AM) technique. Two different types of test specimens were prepared. Flat specimens, manufactured from polylactic acid (PLA), were subjected to uniaxial loading. Tubular specimens, made of polycarbonate (PC), were subjected to combined loading that was applied using uniaxial testing equipment. Test specimens were uniquely designed and printed to apply the combined bending and torsional loads to tubular specimens. A newly developed failure theory was applied to predict the loads that would result in the fracture of these test specimens. This theory is composed of two conditions related to stress and the stress gradient to be simultaneously satisfied to predict failure. The failure loads predicted using the new failure criteria were compared closely with the experimental data for all test specimens. In addition, a semi-empirical equation was developed to predict the critical failure surface energy for different printing angles. The critical failure surface energy is a material property and is used for the stress gradient condition. Using the semi-empirically determined values for the failure criterion provided close agreement with experimental results.

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Section: Testing and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting Failure of Additively Manufactured Specimens with Holes

et al. 2023

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“…[54] Fernandez et al [351] proposed an optimization technique to minimize the printing costs. The resin sometimes used to develop multi-materials configurations can lead to the presence of anisotropic properties within the printed filaments (e.i., PLA or ABS based-filament [352] ). The filling patterns of the printed block of materials printed must be therefore carefully chosen.…”

Section: Optimized Geometry To Printing Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Design of 4D‐Printed Hygromorphs: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Challenges

Kergariou

Demoly

Perriman

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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In recent years, 4D printing has allowed the rapid development of new concepts of multifunctional/adaptive structures. The 4D printing technology makes it possible to generate new shapes and/or property-changing capabilities by combining smart materials, multiphysics stimuli, and additive manufacturing. Hygromorphs constitute a specific class of new smart materials where their properties and morphing capabilities are dependent on the surrounding humidity, which drives actuation. Although multiple efforts have been made to fabricate hygromorph demonstrators, a comprehensive design process to produce hygromorphs by multiple 4D printing techniques is not yet available. The broad aim of this review and concept paper is to i) highlight existing scientific and technology gaps in the field of 4D-printed hygromorphs, ii) identify tools existing in other research fields for filling those gaps, and iii) discuss a series of guidelines for tackling future challenges and opportunities to develop 4D-printed composite hygromorph materials and related manufacturing processes. Accordingly, this review describes the materials and additive manufacturing techniques used for hygromorph composite fabrication. Moreover, the relevant parameters that control actuation, the models selection and performance, the design methods and the actuation measurements for customized 4D-printed hygromorph materials, are discussed.

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“…19 For 3D printing, acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) is one of the most common materials due to its stability, good tensile strength, high bending resistance, environmental friendliness and low cost. 20–22 Since 3D printing enables the fabrication of complicated objects with almost no geometrical constraints, 23 it is possible to use this solvent-free method to fabricate polymeric membranes. Moreover, 3D printing is based on the sequential layer-by-layer deposition of the material, and is a highly customizable technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%