Anisotropic Elastomer Ionomer Composite-Based Strain Sensors: Achieving High Sensitivity and Wide Detection for Human Motion Detection and Wireless Transmission

Abstract

Anisotropic strain sensors capable of multidirectional sensing are crucial for advanced sensor applications in human motion detection. However, current anisotropic sensors encounter challenges in achieving a balance among high sensitivity, substantial stretchability, and a wide linear detection range. To address these challenges, a facile freeze-casting strategy was employed to construct oriented filler networks composed of carbon nanotubes and conductive carbon black within a brominated butyl rubber ionomer (iBIIR) matrix. The resulting anisotropic sensor based on the iBIIR composites exhibited distinct gauge factors (GF) in the parallel and vertical directions (GF ∥ = 4.91, while GF ⊥ = 2.24) and a broad linear detection range over a strain range of 190%. This feature enables the sensor to detect various human activities, including uniaxial pulse, finder bending, elbow bending, and cervical spine movements. Moreover, the ion-cross-linking network within the iBIIR, coupled with strong π-cation interactions between the fillers and iBIIR macromolecules, imparted high strength (12.3 MPa, nearly twice that of pure iBIIR) and an ultrahigh elongation at break (>1800%) to the composites. Furthermore, the sensor exhibited exceptional antibacterial effectiveness, surpassing 99% against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, the sensor was capable of wireless sensing. It is anticipated that anisotropic sensors will have extensive application prospects in flexible wearable devices.

All-Textile Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on 3D Knitted Fabric Electrode for Wearable Applications

“…They can convert external mechanical actions into recognizable signals in real-time. Recently, they have attracted much attention. − Wearable flexible sensors with different sensing mechanisms have been developed, mainly including piezoresistive, capacitive, triboelectric, and piezoelectric flexible sensors. Piezoresistive sensors respond to external stimuli by changing resistance, and the performance of many piezoresistive sensors depends on the mechanical stability of the conductive network.…”