Anisotropic Distortion of Tool Steels D2 and M3 during Gas Quenching and Tempering

Wei, Jianfei; Keßler, Olaf; Hunkel, M.; Hoffmann, F.; Mayr, P.

doi:10.1002/srin.200405839

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Influences of casting and forging on distortion were only found for materials with lower deformation ratio, e.g. carburizing steels [14] or tool steels [15]. The statistical analysis of the DoE further revealed, that factors D (clamping) and E (feed) significantly influence shape and size alterations of the SAE 52100 (100Cr6) rings.…”

Section: Discussion Of Reasons For Distortionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Experimental Study of Distortion Phenomena in Manufacturing Chains

Keßler¹,

Prinz

Sackmann

et al. 2006

Mat.-wiss. u. Werkstofftech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The influence and significance of several process parameters in a manufacturing chain of cylindrical bearing rings made of steel SAE 52100 (100Cr6) on the quench hardening distortion were identified using the method of Design of Experiments (DoE) and a statistical analysis of the results. The change in out-of-roundness can be explained by the used clamping technique during turning, which led to characteristic residual stress distributions in circumferential direction. Size alterations were smaller and depended also on clamping (height) resp. on clamping and an interaction of clamping and feed (radius). Other investigated factors like stirring during continuous casting, deformation ratio during forging and cooling after forging did not significantly influence shape or size changes. Density measurement was found to be a simple and effective method, to check size changes. The results confirm the necessity of concerning the whole manufacturing chain, to understand and influence heat treatment distortion. DoE has been proven to be a useful tool in this way.

show abstract

Section: Discussion Of Reasons For Distortionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Experimental Study of Distortion Phenomena in Manufacturing Chains

Keßler¹,

Prinz

Sackmann

et al. 2006

Mat.-wiss. u. Werkstofftech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, the volume fractions of bainite as well as the transformation plasticity values were determined following Eqs. [2] and [3] in the Appendix.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] Moreover, the degree of anisotropy is dictated by temperature, such that an anisotropic microstructure is induced on an initially isotropic one by an increasing temperature gradient during cooling. For instance, forging is mostly expected to lead to an anisotropic microstructure as variations in the local temperature-time-deformation paths accompanied by inhomogeneously dissolved carbide bands can lead to dimensional instability, [2] resulting in high postprocessing costs. However, the anisotropic microstructure evolution during forging may also be used to advantage, such that a functionally graded workpiece could be manufactured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Austenitization and Pre-Deformation on the Kinetics of the Isothermal Bainitic Transformation

Lambers

Tschumak

Maier

et al. 2009

Metall Mater Trans A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The role of time-temperature path on the isothermal austenite-to-bainite phase transformation of low alloy 51 CrV 4 steel was investigated and the corresponding microstructures were analyzed. The important finding is that an incomplete initial austenitization treatment leaves undissolved carbides in the matrix, such that lower carbon and chromium content in the matrix result, eventually accelerating the phase transformation. Furthermore, the residual carbides constitute additional nucleation sites for the bainite plates, speeding up the process even further. Also, both plastic pre-deformation of the supercooled austenite and application of external elastic stresses during the phase transformation lead to transformation plasticity by enhancing the stress fields, providing a driving force for the growth of bainite plates along a preferred orientation. Overall, the current results constitute the first step toward establishing a database for constructing a realistic microstructure-based model for simulating metal forming operations involving austenite-to-bainite phase transformation.

show abstract

“…The steelmaking procedures casting and hot forming can lead to distortion of steel parts [2,3]. Segregations are formed by casting and modified by hot forming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation concerning the development of distortion potential during the production of 20MnCr5

Prinz

Rentsch

2012

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Investigations within the SFB 570 "Distortion Engineering" showed that properties of the low alloyed 20MnCr5 (SAE 5120) had an influence on distortion. The changes of curvature of blindhardened shafts could be correlated to a macroscopic structure, which was visible at micrographs of cross-sections. The development of lined structures and the macroscopic structure was observed by metallographic methods at cast material, hot-rolled material and an intermediate step of the hot forming process. The lined structure within the semi-finished material was measured by EPMA measurements with highest resolution. The contents of the alloying elements Mn and Cr could be correlated to the development of the lined structure, the carbon content fluctuated in a higher frequency. To determine the differences of phase transformations, two different homogenous materials were produced by spray-forming: one with the maximum content of the alloying element Mn, Cr and C concerning the EPMA measured values, and a second with the minimum measured Mn, Cr and C content. The material was hot formed to a diameter of 25 mm after spray-forming and characterised by dilatometer measurements.

show abstract

Anisotropic Distortion of Tool Steels D2 and M3 during Gas Quenching and Tempering

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Experimental Study of Distortion Phenomena in Manufacturing Chains

Experimental Study of Distortion Phenomena in Manufacturing Chains

Role of Austenitization and Pre-Deformation on the Kinetics of the Isothermal Bainitic Transformation

Experimental investigation concerning the development of distortion potential during the production of 20MnCr5

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About