Anisotropic behaviour of stratified rock masses in tunnelling

Underground Excavation Behaviour of the Queenston Formation: Tunnel Back Analysis for Application to Shaft Damage Dimension Prediction

“…Work by several authors (e.g. Perras (2009); Barla et al (2011);Fortsakis et al (2012)) has demonstrated that when the anisotropic stiffness is captured in a numerical model using joint elements or other methods, the observed overbreak geometry and deformation pattern can be correctly simulated. These approaches were implemented in the finite difference program Phase 2, by RocScience, as a preliminary assessment to determine the appropriate stress and rock mass properties for more advanced analysis.…”

Numerical simulations of failure behavior around a circular opening in a non-persistently jointed rock mass under biaxial compression

“…Such discontinuities can aggravate stress concentration and strength degradation, thus resulting in different patterns of rock mass failure around the opening compared with the patterns observed in isotropic rock masses. According to the number of discontinuities considered, related analytical models can be classified into three main categories, namely: a 'one-joint' model [10][11][12][13]; a 'single set of joints' model [8,[14][15][16][17][18]; and a 'multiple set of joints' model [19][20][21][22]. The 'one-joint' model is particularly used to investigate the effect of a fault, which is a large geological discontinuity, on the deformation and failure behavior of an underground opening.…”

An overview of the thermography-based experimental studies on roadway excavation in stratified rock masses at CUMTB

“…Excavation-caused damage on the stratified rock masses are controlled by the bedding surface, inclination angles, excavation section, and the excavation methods [1,2]. Excavation of an underground carven will alter the mechanical, hydraulic and geochemical properties of the surrounding rock in the opening, where rock damage occurs due to stress redistribution induced fracturing, blasting induced damage and desaturation [3,4].…”