Anisakis Sensitization in the Croatian fish processing workers: Behavioral instead of occupational risk factors?

Jerončić, Ana; Nonković, Diana; Vrbatović, Anamarija; Hrabar, Jerko; Bušelić, Ivana; Martínez-Sernández, Victoria; Rocamonde, Santiago A. Lojo; Ubeira, Florencio M.; Jaman, Sonja; Jeličić, Esma Čečuk; Amati, Marco; Morales, María Ángeles Gómez; Lukšić, Boris; Mladineo, Ivona

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008038

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…A sensitization prevalence towards A. simplex of 32.6% in the present study is consistent with findings in other studies varying from 1.8 to 50% ( 13 , 14 ). Our findings do not allow us to distinguish between A. simplex sensitization due to ingestion of seafood or due to occupational exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Infection with live larvae are meant to be a prerequisite to sensitization but dead larvae can also lead to allergic reactions such as asthma, rhino conjunctivitis and dermatitis when inhaled or by direct contact ( 9 , 11 , 12 ). Sensitization levels toward A. simplex in the seafood processing industries are shown to vary from 1.8 to 50% ( 13 , 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rhino Conjunctivitis and Asthma Among Seafood Processing Workers in Greenland. A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2021

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Introduction: The fishing- and the seafood processing industries are the largest industrial sectors in Greenland. Despite this, only a few cases of occupational diseases in this industry have been reported to the Danish Labor Market Insurance. Occupational asthma and allergy are well-known occupational diseases in the seafood processing industry worldwide and underreporting of occupational diseases in Greenland is suspected.Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine the associations between job exposures and occupational asthma and rhino conjunctivitis in workers in the Greenlandic seafood processing industry and to compare the prevalence of sensitization by type and degree of exposure to snow crab, shrimp, fish, and the fish parasite, Anisakis simplex.Methods: Data from 382 Greenlandic seafood processing workers were collected during 2016–2018. Data included questionnaire answers, lung function measurements, skin prick tests, and blood samples with ImmunoCAP. For all analyses, p < 0.05 was considered the level of significance.Results: 5.5% of the workers had occupational asthma and 4.6% had occupational rhino conjunctivitis. A large proportion of the workers were sensitized to allergens specific to the workplace; 18.1% to snow crab, 13.6% to shrimp, 1.4% to fish, and 32.6% to the fish parasite, A. simplex. We found a dose-response relationship between the risk of being sensitized to snow crab and A. simplex and years of exposure to the allergens in the seafood processing industry.Conclusion: This study showed that a considerable proportion of workers in the Greenlandic seafood processing industry had occupational asthma and rhino conjunctivitis. Additionally, the study showed high sensitization levels toward snow crab, shrimp, and the fish parasite, A. simplex. This supports the hypothesis of a considerable degree of underreporting of occupational allergic airway disease in the Greenlandic seafood processing industry. Prospectively, it is important to inform workers, leaders, and health care professionals of the health problems and the law on worker's compensation, and to initiate preventive actions at factory and trawler level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhino Conjunctivitis and Asthma Among Seafood Processing Workers in Greenland. A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2021

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“…Fourteen A. simplex allergens have been described and classified in three groups according to its origin: excretory/secretory, somatic and cuticular proteins 7 , 17 , 26 – 28 . The first group includes relevant major allergens as Ani s 1 and Ani s 7, which are frequently used to measure sIgE responses to A. simplex in different populations including non-symptomatic blood donors, fish processing workers and patients suffering gastroallergic anisakiasis or chronic urticaria 9 , 17 , 29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Ani s 7 and Ani s 1 allergens as biomarkers of sensitization and allergy severity in human anisakiasis

Vecillas

Muñoz-Cacho

López‐Hoyos

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The high frequency of infection by Anisakis simplex (A. simplex) has led to an increase in IgE sensitization, turning allergy to this parasite a relevant contemporary health problem. Improving the lack of conventional diagnosis test specificity is crucial to better understand these clinical scenarios. Specific IgE (sIgE) to A. simplex extract by ImmunoCAP (Anisakis-sIgE) was determined in sera from 403 blood donors (BD) from Cantabria (North of Spain) of which 51 subjects resulted sensitized. Among these latter, 47 were asymptomatic (sABD). The values of total IgE, prick-test, Anisakis-sIgE, and sIgE to Ani s 1 (anti-rAni s 1) and Ani s 7 (anti-rAni s 7) were compared between 46 sABD and 49 A. simplex allergic patients. The IgE seroprevalence by ImmunoCAP among BD was 12.65%. Allergic patients and sABD showed significant differences in all serum biomarkers evaluated. The area under the curve was assessed for Anisakis-sIgE (0.892), sIgE-rAni s 1 (0.672) and sIgE-rAni s 7 (0.668). After a severe reaction, significantly higher levels of Anisakis-sIgE and sIgE anti-rAni s 1 were detected. Determinations of sIgE by ImmunoCAP, Ani s 1 and Ani s 7 presented different sensitization patterns between allergic and asymptomatic individuals. The Ani s 1 allergen arises as a possible biomarker to detect patients at risk of suffering severe allergic reactions.

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“…To detect sensitized asymptomatic patients in a population, serological methods with a combination of target allergens can be used providing they are speci c and selected to cover together 100% of infected subjects (13,14). A combination of recombinant Ani s 1 and Ani s 7 allergens recognized seems to meet these criteria as it was reported that near 100% of patients who have been sensitized during an Anisakis infection produced IgE antibodies to at least one of these allergens (15,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although only a clinical case of Anisakis infection has been reported in Colombia ( 9) until now, the accumulated experience in other countries revealed that Anisakis infections are frequently misdiagnosed, mainly when subclinical cases not reporting the typical symptoms as urticaria, angioedema, gastrointestinal allergies and/or anaphylaxis are present (10,11). Indeed, this form of anisakiasis can be present a prevalence of 12% in some populations (12,13). By this reason, Moneo et al (11) suggested that, from a public health perspective, any epidemiologic study on Anisakis infections should include the group of sensitized asymptomatic patients, i.e., individuals with a high titer of anti-Anisakis IgE who likely presented an undiagnosed or subclinical gastric anisakiasis without allergic symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report Of IgE Sensitization To Anisakis Simplex In a Healthy Population in Colombia

Garzon

Ubeira

Pustovrh

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The anisakiasis is little known in Colombia and rarely diagnosed. However, reports of fish parasitized by anisakid larvae in South America are increasing. The objective was determine the prevalence of sensitization to Anisakis simplex in a healthy population in Colombia. Cross-sectional survey of 150 volunteers from Universidad del Valle’s community, Cali, Colombia. Past medical history, including eating habits associated with fish consumption was assessed. Prevalence of IgE antibodies was determined by the ELISA- Trisakis 170 kit for the recombinant allergens Ani s 1 and Ani s 7. Two sera (1.3%) of blood tested were positive to the Ani s 7 antigen, while for Ani s 1 all sera were negative. This research is the first exploratory study on Anisakis prevalence conducted in Colombia, the results do not indicate a major problem. Nevertheless, more epidemiological studies are needed.

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Anisakis Sensitization in the Croatian fish processing workers: Behavioral instead of occupational risk factors?

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Rhino Conjunctivitis and Asthma Among Seafood Processing Workers in Greenland. A Cross-Sectional Study

Rhino Conjunctivitis and Asthma Among Seafood Processing Workers in Greenland. A Cross-Sectional Study

Analysis of Ani s 7 and Ani s 1 allergens as biomarkers of sensitization and allergy severity in human anisakiasis

First Report Of IgE Sensitization To Anisakis Simplex In a Healthy Population in Colombia

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