Anisakid larva parasitizing Plagioscion squamosissimus in Marajó Bay and Tapajós River, state of Pará, Brazil

Abstract

In November 2014 and May 2015, a total of 44 specimens of the South American silver croaker Plagioscion squamosissimus were collected: 30 in Marajó Bay and 14 in the Tapajós River, state of Pará, Brazil. The aim was to investigate the presence of anisakid nematodes and determine their parasitism indices and sites of infection, because of their importance regarding health inspection. Sixty-nine Anisakis sp. larvae were found; among them, 16 larvae in seven fish collected in Marajó Bay and 53 larvae in four fish in the Tapajós River. The parasitism indices of the nematodes collected from the fish in Marajó Bay comprised prevalence (P) of 23%, mean infection intensity (MI) of 2.28, mean abundance (MA) of 0.53, range of infection (RI) of 1-4, and infection site (IS) in the mesentery. The fish from the Tapajós River showed P = 28%, MI = 13.2, MA = 3.8, RI = 1-22, and IS = mesentery and intestine. To assist in taxonomic identification, images of the specimens obtained through optical microscopy with Nomarski's interferential contrast system and scanning electron microscopy were used. This is the first record of Anisakis sp. parasitizing P. squamosissimus.Keywords: Sciaenidae, freshwater fish, Anisakidae, Northern Brazil. ResumoEm novembro de 2014 e maio de 2015, foi coletado um total de 44 espécimes de pescada branca, Plagioscion squamosissimus, sendo 30 na Baía de Marajó e 14 no Rio Tapajós, Estado do Pará, Brasil, com o objetivo de pesquisar a presença de nematoides anisaquideos e fornecer os índices parasitários, assim como os sítios de infecção, devido a sua importância na inspeção sanitária. Encontrou-se um total de 69 larvas de Anisakis sp., sendo 16 em 7 peixes coletados da Baía de Marajó e 53 larvas em 4 peixes do Rio Tapajós. Os índices parasitários desses nematoides coletados dos peixes da Baía de Marajó apresentaram prevalência (P) de 23%, intensidade média (IM) de 2,28, abundância média (AM) de 0,53, amplitude de variação da intensidade de infecção (AI) de 1-4 e sítio de infecção (SI) o mesentério; e os do Rio Tapajós P = 28%, IM = 13,2, AM = 3,8, AI = 1-22 e SI = mesentério e intestino. Para auxiliar na identificação taxonômica foram utilizadas imagens obtidas dos espécimes por microscopia ótica com sistema de contraste interferencial de Nomarski e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Esse é o primeiro registro de Anisakis sp. parasitando P. squamosissimus.Palavras-chave: Sciaenidae, peixe de água doce, Anisakidae, Norte do Brasil.

<b>Detection of Anisakidae larvae parasitizing <i>Plagioscion squamosissimus</i> and <i>Pellona castelnaeana</i> in the State of Pará, Brazil

“…Anisakid L 3 collected from P. castelnaeana were morphometrically similar to those collected by Fontenelle et al (2016) in P. squamosissimus from the State of Pará (12.90 length x 0.33 width). Notwithstanding, they showed larger body size than the ones collected by Andrade-Porto et al (2015) in Arapaima gigas from the State of Amazonas (2.53 length x 0.10 width) and smaller than the ones collected by Felizardo, Knoff, Pinto, and Gomes (2009) in Paralichthys isosceles from the State of Rio de Janeiro (15.60 length x 0.36 width), Fontenelle et al (2013) in Cynoscion guatucupa from the State of Rio de Janeiro (22.33 length x 0.44 width) and Moravec et al (2016) in Sandelia capensis (32.48 length x 1.39 width) from South Africa.…”

“…Among the most recent studies, low prevalence rates were found in Selene setapinnis = 13.3% (Fontenelle et al, 2015), Sandelia capensis = 23% (Moravec, van Rensburg, & Van As, 2016) and Plagioscion squamosissimus = 23.3% (Fontenelle et al, 2016); high prevalence rates were recorded in Hoplias malabaricus = 100% and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus = 80% (Martins et al, 2005), Dicentrarchus labrax = 95% (Bernardi et al, 2011) and Arapaima gigas = 98% (Andrade-Porto et al, 2015). In the present study, in Plagioscion squamosissimus and Pellona castelnaeana, the prevalence was 100%, and the highest average intensity and abundance values were observed in P. castelnaeana from the Mosqueiro Island (Table 1).…”

“…These larvae may be different anisakid species. Besides that, according to Fontenelle et al (2016), it is possible that these differences in length and width of Anisakidae larvae are also related to different hosts or the influences of the different ecoregions in which the fish examined were collected. Vanzolini (2004) reports that some species of the family Anisakidae were described from specimens collected in Sotalia fluviatilis and Inia geoffrensis from the Brazilian Amazon, yet in the 19 th century.…”

First report of Anisakis sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasitizing Muscovy duck in Marajó Island, state of Pará, Brazil

“…third-stage larvae (with retangular ventricle and mucron terminal) found parasitizing the esophagus of C. moschata domestica presented the same morphological and similar morphometrical characteristics observed in Anisakis spp. third-stage larvae reported in several Brazilian marine and brackish fish species (Timi et al, 2001;Felizardo et al, 2009;Saad, 2010;Fonseca et al, 2016;Fontenelle et al, 2016). In the species of the present study, the morphometric differences observed in the body size and its structures comparing with the Anisakis spp.…”

Nematofauna of red piranha Pygocentrus nattereri (Kner, 1958) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from Amazonia, Brazil

“…Anisakis sp. third stage larvae were also found in P. squamosissimus, Serrasalmus altispinis Merckx, Jégu & Santos, 2000 and Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) from Amazon region(FONTENELLE et al, 2016;MOREY & MALTA, 2016;MOREIRA et al, 2017).…”