Anisakiasis caused by herring in vinegar: a little known medical problem.

Verhamme, M; Ramboer, C H R

doi:10.1136/gut.29.6.843

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…To the present day in Chile, only three cases of human infection produced by anisakid worms have been reported 1,14,20 . It is described a new case of human infection, produced by a fourth larval stage or P. decipiens in a patient who resided in the south of Chile.…”

Section: Infecciones Por Nematodos Anisakiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Human case of gastric infection by a fourth larval stage of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda, Anisakidae)

1997

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Only three cases of human infection by anisakid nematodes have been reported in Chile since 1976. In the present case, an anisakid worm, identified as a fourth-stage Pseudoterranova decipiens larva, was removed with a gastroendoscopic biopsy clipper from the stomach of a 45 year-old man from southern Chile. The patient, who presented acute epigastric pain and a continuous sensation of having an empty stomach, reported having eaten smoked fish. The worm was fixed in 70% ethanol and cleaned in lactophenol for morphological study. The morphometric characteristics of the worm are described and drawn. Anisakid larvae in fish flesh can be killed by freezing or cooking.

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Section: Infecciones Por Nematodos Anisakiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Human case of gastric infection by a fourth larval stage of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda, Anisakidae)

1997

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“…For these reasons, it is probable that only the most severe cases that require invasive techniques are diagnosed and that many of the mild cases remain underdiagnosed (21). Although serologic techniques have been developed for the detection of A. simplex infection, cross-reactivities with other helminths have been a serious limitation (8,10,11,17).…”

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confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Seropositivity to a Major Allergen of Anisakis simplex , Ani s 1, in Dyspeptic Patients

Toro

Caballero

Baquero

et al. 2004

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Finding evidence of anisakidosis requires invasive methods. We have developed a serological assay based on the detection of an immunoglobulin E (IgE) specifically directed against Ani s 1 protein, a major parasite allergen of Anisakis simplex, which has shown a high level of accuracy in the diagnosis of anisakidosis. We used this tool to determine the prevalence of anti-Ani s 1 IgE in dyspeptic patients and to investigate if its seropositivity could be related to epidemiological factors other than raw fish consumption. A total of 174 dyspeptic patients who submitted to upper digestive tract endoscopy were studied. Specific IgE against Ani s 1 was determined by immunoblotting. Quantitative information on smoking, alcohol consumption, and fish consumption as well as a history of gastric surgery was recorded. Twenty-four (13.8%) patients were seropositive for Ani s 1 protein. The seroprevalence of anti-Ani s 1 IgE increased with age in patients who were less than 62 years old (P ‫؍‬ 0.047). Seropositivity to Ani s 1 was associated with the consumption of fish in vinegar (P < 0.001), raw fish (P ‫؍‬ 0.001), and smoked fish (P ‫؍‬ 0.007). There was no relationship between anti-Ani s 1 IgE seropositivity and the number of cigarettes smoked (P ‫؍‬ 0.098) or alcohol intake (P ‫؍‬ 0.179). Five patients had undergone previous gastric surgery, and three of those patients were seropositive for Ani s 1 (P ‫؍‬ 0.019). In multivariate analysis, the consumption of fish in vinegar (P ‫؍‬ 0.006), raw fish (P ‫؍‬ 0.017), and smoked fish (P ‫؍‬ 0.002) and a history of gastric surgery (P ‫؍‬ 0.005) were independent factors associated with anti-Ani s 1 IgE detection. In conclusion, at present, anisakidosis might frequently be underdiagnosed, and it might have a clinical role in patients with upper dyspeptic symptoms. Uncooked-fish ingestion and previous gastric surgery were associated with seropositivity for Ani s 1 protein.

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“…(2). In Western Europe, herring (Clupea arengus) is the main species involved (195,274,275), although cases with other species that were insufficiently cooked (microwaved, grilled, or shallow fried) have also been reported. In Spain, most cases have been related to the consumption of pickled anchovies (Engraulis encrasicholus) (10,69).…”

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confidence: 99%

Anisakis simplex: from Obscure Infectious Worm to Inducer of Immune Hypersensitivity

2008

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SUMMARY Infection of humans with the nematode worm parasite Anisakis simplex was first described in the 1960s in association with the consumption of raw or undercooked fish. During the 1990s it was realized that even the ingestion of dead worms in food fish can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions, that these may be more prevalent than infection itself, and that this outcome could be associated with food preparations previously considered safe. Not only may allergic symptoms arise from infection by the parasites (“gastroallergic anisakiasis”), but true anaphylactic reactions can also occur following exposure to allergens from dead worms by food-borne, airborne, or skin contact routes. This review discusses A. simplex pathogenesis in humans, covering immune hypersensitivity reactions both in the context of a living infection and in terms of exposure to its allergens by other routes. Over the last 20 years, several studies have concentrated on A. simplex antigen characterization and innate as well as adaptive immune response to this parasite. Molecular characterization of Anisakis allergens and isolation of their encoding cDNAs is now an active field of research that should provide improved diagnostic tools in addition to tools with which to enhance our understanding of pathogenesis and controversial aspects of A. simplex allergy. We also discuss the potential relevance of parasite products such as allergens, proteinases, and proteinase inhibitors and the activation of basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells in the induction of A. simplex-related immune hypersensitivity states induced by exposure to the parasite, dead or alive.

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Anisakiasis caused by herring in vinegar: a little known medical problem.

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

Human case of gastric infection by a fourth larval stage of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda, Anisakidae)

Human case of gastric infection by a fourth larval stage of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda, Anisakidae)

High Prevalence of Seropositivity to a Major Allergen of Anisakis simplex , Ani s 1, in Dyspeptic Patients

Anisakis simplex: from Obscure Infectious Worm to Inducer of Immune Hypersensitivity

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