Anionically modified <i>N</i>-(alkyl)acrylamide-based semi-IPN hybrid gels reinforced with SiO<sub>2</sub> for enhanced on–off switching and responsive properties

Kalkan, Birgül; Orakdöğen, Nermin

doi:10.1039/d2sm00319h

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The swelling kinetics of the S-SAP fit well with the pseudo-second-order relationship. Figure 11 d shows an acceptable correlation coefficient of the Ritger–Peppas model which is almost comparable to similar works [ 49 , 50 ]. Based on this result, the chemical interactions via chemisorptions on S-SAP dominate the water absorption process.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Starch-Derived Superabsorbent Polymer in Remediation of Solid Waste Sludge Based on Water–Polymer Interaction

et al. 2023

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The purpose of this study is to assess water–polymer interaction in synthesized starch-derived superabsorbent polymer (S-SAP) for the treatment of solid waste sludge. While S-SAP for solid waste sludge treatment is still rare, it offers a lower cost for the safe disposal of sludge into the environment and recycling of treated solid as crop fertilizer. For that to be possible, the water–polymer interaction on S-SAP must first be fully comprehended. In this study, the S-SAP was prepared through graft polymerization of poly (methacrylic acid-co-sodium methacrylate) on the starch backbone. By analyzing the amylose unit, it was possible to avoid the complexity of polymer networks when considering S-SAP using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT). Through the simulations, formation of hydrogen bonding between starch and water on the H06 of amylose was assessed for its flexibility and less steric hindrance. Meanwhile, water penetration into S-SAP was recorded by the specific radial distribution function (RDF) of atom–molecule interaction in the amylose. The experimental evaluation of S-SAP correlated with high water capacity by measuring up to 500% of distilled water within 80 min and more than 195% of the water from solid waste sludge for 7 days. In addition, the S-SAP swelling showed a notable performance of a 77 g/g swelling ratio within 160 min, while a water retention test showed that S-SAP was capable of retaining more than 50% of the absorbed water within 5 h of heating at 60 °C. The water retention of S-SAP adheres to pseudo-second-order kinetics for chemisorption reactions. Therefore, the prepared S-SAP might have potential applications as a natural superabsorbent, especially for the development of sludge water removal technology.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Starch-Derived Superabsorbent Polymer in Remediation of Solid Waste Sludge Based on Water–Polymer Interaction

et al. 2023

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“…The hybrid structure was obtained by following the previous synthesis method, [18,19] with a silica concentration of C SiO2 = 5.40% (w/v) in the semi-IPN structure, and the mass concentration of monomers in pregel solution C 0 was set to 8.0% (w/v). First, 540 mg of SiO 2 was mixed in 7 mL of water at ambient temperature for 1 h, and 250 mg of linear PAAm was added to the resulting suspension and dissolved with additional mixing.…”

Section: Design Of Silica-reinforced Semi-ipn Hybrid Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highly stable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) gels containing linear PAAm chains reinforced with SiO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized in aqueous solutions by polymerizing NIPA and MAAc in the presence of chemical crosslinker BAAm (Scheme 1). According to previous results, [18,19] 5.40% by weight nano-SiO 2 was loaded as a second reinforcement phase, which was chosen to strongly reinforce the anionically modified PNIPA/MAAc structure while maintaining its response to pH-and temperature stimuli without significantly reducing the swelling capacity. The external view of the samples in the aftersynthesis state is shown in Scheme 1.…”

Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of Silica-reinforced Semi-i...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature‐Optimized Synthesis of SiO₂‐Reinforced N‐(Alkyl)Acrylamide‐Based Semi‐IPN Hybrid Gels Functionalized with Methacrylic Acid Units

Kalkan

Mocan

Orakdöğen

2023

Macro Reaction Engineering

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In order to obtain a pH and temperature sensitive hybrids with a controlled structure, synthesis of N‐(alkyl)acrylamide‐based semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) reinforced with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles and functionalized with methacrylic acid units is carried out by optimizing the polymerization temperature. The study aims to understand the effect of polymerization temperature on the physical properties of semi‐IPN hybrids. Changing preparation temperature between −30 and 23 °C leads to significant differences in physico‐mechanical results, swelling tendency and adsorption ability, while silica nanoparticles strengthen hybrid walls, preventing their collapse during deswelling and providing rapid response. The hybrids prepared at higher temperatures are found to swell more and faster in water, while the lowest swelling is observed those prepared at 5 °C. The incorporation of SiO2 particles into copolymer structure via physical crosslinking with network chains enhances the elasticity. The effect of polymerization temperature on adsorption is investigated using methylene blue as a model dye. Increasing polymerization temperature increases the adsorption rate and shortens time to reach the equilibrium point, and adsorption efficiency increases when polymerization temperature is lowered. The results show that semi‐IPN hybrids loaded with silica nanoparticles can be used as alternative and potential adsorbents in the treatment of industrial wastes.

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“…A need for optimization concerns the poor mechanical properties, which still present a major limitation of the practical use of thermo-sensitive hydrogels, such like most of the PNIPAm-based ones. A variety of approaches have been tested to improve the mechanical properties [6], including the synthesis of a highly regular and homogeneous network structure [7], the introduction of ionic groups into the polymer network [8], the use of polyrotaxane derivatives as cross-linkers [9], or the synthesis of semi-interpenetrating [10], or interpenetrating [11] gel networks ('double networks'). Finally, the incorporation of nanofillers generally can provide a tremendous reinforcement to polymer matrixes, including hydrogels (see e.g., [12]), due to the nanofillers' high specific surface area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptionally Fast Temperature-Responsive, Mechanically Strong and Extensible Monolithic Non-Porous Hydrogels: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Intercalated with Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose

Strachota,

Vratović

et al. 2023

Gels

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Exceptionally fast temperature-responsive, mechanically strong, tough and extensible monolithic non-porous hydrogels were synthesized. They are based on divinyl-crosslinked poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide) (PNIPAm) intercalated by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). HPMC was largely extracted after polymerization, thus yielding a ‘template-modified’ PNIPAm network intercalated with a modest residue of HPMC. High contents of divinyl crosslinker and of HPMC caused a varying degree of micro-phase-separation in some products, but without detriment to mechanical or tensile properties. After extraction of non-fixed HPMC, the micro-phase-separated products combine superior mechanical properties with ultra-fast T-response (in 30 s). Their PNIPAm network was highly regular and extensible (intercalation effect), toughened by hydrogen bonds to HPMC, and interpenetrated by a network of nano-channels (left behind by extracted HPMC), which ensured the water transport rates needed for ultra-fast deswelling. Moreover, the T-response rate could be widely tuned by the degree of heterogeneity during synthesis. The fastest-responsive among our hydrogels could be of practical interest as soft actuators with very good mechanical properties (soft robotics), while the slower ones offer applications in drug delivery systems (as tested on the example of Theophylline), or in related biomedical engineering applications.

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Anionically modified N-(alkyl)acrylamide-based semi-IPN hybrid gels reinforced with SiO₂ for enhanced on–off switching and responsive properties

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Starch-Derived Superabsorbent Polymer in Remediation of Solid Waste Sludge Based on Water–Polymer Interaction

Starch-Derived Superabsorbent Polymer in Remediation of Solid Waste Sludge Based on Water–Polymer Interaction

Temperature‐Optimized Synthesis of SiO₂‐Reinforced N‐(Alkyl)Acrylamide‐Based Semi‐IPN Hybrid Gels Functionalized with Methacrylic Acid Units

Exceptionally Fast Temperature-Responsive, Mechanically Strong and Extensible Monolithic Non-Porous Hydrogels: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Intercalated with Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose

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Anionically modified N-(alkyl)acrylamide-based semi-IPN hybrid gels reinforced with SiO2 for enhanced on–off switching and responsive properties

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Starch-Derived Superabsorbent Polymer in Remediation of Solid Waste Sludge Based on Water–Polymer Interaction

Starch-Derived Superabsorbent Polymer in Remediation of Solid Waste Sludge Based on Water–Polymer Interaction

Temperature‐Optimized Synthesis of SiO2‐Reinforced N‐(Alkyl)Acrylamide‐Based Semi‐IPN Hybrid Gels Functionalized with Methacrylic Acid Units

Exceptionally Fast Temperature-Responsive, Mechanically Strong and Extensible Monolithic Non-Porous Hydrogels: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Intercalated with Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose

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Product

Resources

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Anionically modified N-(alkyl)acrylamide-based semi-IPN hybrid gels reinforced with SiO₂ for enhanced on–off switching and responsive properties

Temperature‐Optimized Synthesis of SiO₂‐Reinforced N‐(Alkyl)Acrylamide‐Based Semi‐IPN Hybrid Gels Functionalized with Methacrylic Acid Units