Anion-exchange separation of plutonium in hydrochloric-hydrobromic acid media

Cloud Point Extraction of Plutonium in Environmental Matrixes Coupled to ICPMS and α Spectrometry in Highly Acidic Conditions

“…Bromate is known as an efficient reagent that maintains plutonium in its tetravalent oxidation state (by its oxidation potential). The reaction with bromine is reversible according to Larsen and Oldham, and this could results in the formation of a mixture of Pu(III) and Pu(IV) . However, the predominance of the Pu(IV) in the conditions presented in Supporting Information Table S4 was confirmed by EXC …”

“…The reaction with bromine is reversible according to Larsen and Oldham, and this could results in the formation of a mixture of Pu(III) and Pu(IV). 33 However, the predominance of the Pu(IV) in the conditions presented in Supporting Information Table S4 was confirmed by EXC. 34 The use of bromine significantly improved the extraction efficiencies with acidic pH, from less than 10% efficiency to quantitative recoveries of plutonium (Figure 1b).…”

Rapid Method To Determine 137Cs, 237Np, and Pu Isotopes in Seawater by SF-ICP-MS

“…In the present study, the Np and Pu elution experiment results (Figure b–e) showed that the stripping ability of Np and Pu from AG MP-1 M resin gradually increases with the increase of HF molarity in HBr, and the Np and Pu can be completely stripped with 15 mL of the eluent at the HF molarity of 0.1 or 0.15 M. Since Np­(IV) and Pu­(IV) in HNO 3 media are retained on the AG MP-1 M anion resin by ion exchange between the anion complexes (i.e., Np­(NO 3 ) 6 2– and Pu­(NO 3 ) 6 2– ) and the anion exchange resin, the constituents of complexed anions formed by Np­(IV) and Pu­(IV) in the solution determine their adsorption capacity in the anion exchange resin. In the literature, − Np­(IV) and Pu­(IV) have the ability to form different complexes in acid media (HNO 3 , HCl, HBr, and HF), such as cationic, neutral, and anion complexes, and the major constituents of the Np­(IV) and Pu­(IV) complexes change from cationic to neutral then to anionic as the acid molarity increases. In HBr media, however, the Pu­(IV) is not retained on the anion exchange resins because Pu­(IV) is reduced to Pu­(III) under high HBr concentrations .…”

“…In the literature, − Np­(IV) and Pu­(IV) have the ability to form different complexes in acid media (HNO 3 , HCl, HBr, and HF), such as cationic, neutral, and anion complexes, and the major constituents of the Np­(IV) and Pu­(IV) complexes change from cationic to neutral then to anionic as the acid molarity increases. In HBr media, however, the Pu­(IV) is not retained on the anion exchange resins because Pu­(IV) is reduced to Pu­(III) under high HBr concentrations . Also almost no Np is retained on the anion exchange resins because the bromide complexes of Np­(IV) formed in concentrated hydrobromic acid are mainly neutral (NpBr 4 ) with a small amount of anionic (NpBr 6 2– ) .…”

Radioactivity Measurements of Former Military Personnel Exposed to Weapon Debris

“…Samples were analyzed for plutonium by isotopedilution a-spectrometry, and the plutonium content of each sample was below the limit of detection (4.5 fCi) of our standard method (7). We then estimated upper limits for the body content of plutonium by applying either Langham's power function equation (8) or the retehtion function proposed by a task group of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) (9) to a urinary excretion rate of 4.5 fCi/day.…”