Anion exchange nanofiber materials activated by daylight with a dual antibacterial effect

Abstract

Anion exchange polystyrene nanofiber materials (AE) were prepared by electrospinning followed by two-step functionalization of the nanofiber surface by chlorosulfonic acid and ethylendiamine. The photoactive character of these materials was introduced through adsorption of the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin photosensitizer (TPPS-AE) on the nanofiber surface or by encapsulation of the nonpolar 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer (AE(TPP)) into the nanofibers. Anion exchange nanofiber materials with porphyrins are characterized by a high ion-exchange capacity, photogeneration of singlet oxygen O2((1)Δg), and singlet oxygen-sensitized delayed fluorescence. Due to the photogeneration of cytotoxic O2((1)Δg), the nanofibers exhibited oxidation of the external substrates in aqueous solution and an efficient antibacterial effect when activated by simulated daylight. Adsorption of both TPPS and I(-) on the surface of AE led to the formation of more efficient I-TPPS-AE materials. Rapid photooxidation of I(-) by O2((1)Δg), and the formation of another cytotoxic species, I3(-), on the surface of the nanofibers were responsible for the increased antibacterial properties of I-TPPS-AE and the prolonged antibacterial effect in the dark.

A Perspective on the Trends and Challenges Facing Porphyrin‐Based Anti‐Microbial Materials

“…Compared with AE(TPP), TPPS 4 ‐AE exhibited an efficient antibacterial effect against E. coli when activated by simulated daylight, due to the efficient photogeneration of cytotoxic O 2 ( 1 Δ g ). Adsorption of both TPPS 4 and I − on the surface of AE led to the formation of more efficient I‐TPPS 4 ‐AE materials with increased antibacterial properties and prolonged antibacterial effect in the dark . They also investigated systematically the influence of temperature on the generation and decay of O 2 ( 1 Δ g ) by porphyrin PSs encapsulated inside or bound to biocompatible polystyrene nanofibers.…”

“…Adsorption of both TPPS 4 and I − on the surface of AE led to the formation of more effi cient I-TPPS 4 -AE materials with increased antibacterial properties and prolonged antibacterial effect in the dark. [ 192 ] They also investigated systematically the infl uence of temperature on the generation and decay of O 2 ( 1 Δ g ) by porphyrin PSs encapsulated inside or bound to Figure 40. Synthetic route to photoantimicrobial fi lter paper.…”

Highly Water Resistant Anion Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cells

“…Moreover, the VPPO/VBC‐IPN membranes are highly transparent, whereas many AEMs are opaque or translucent . The high transparency of the VPPO/VBC‐IPN membrane might allow their use in electronic devices based on photo‐catalytic or photoelectric applications …”

“…[27][28][29] The high transparency of the VPPO/VBC-IPN membrane might allow their use in electronic devices based on photo-catalytic or photoelectric applications. [ 30,31 ] The fl exibility of the VPPO/VBC-IPN membranes is likely to originate from the good compatibility between the two components and from the interpenetrating polymer network morphology. Otherwise, visible phase separation or fracture is observed and can lead to deteriorated mechanical properties and brittleness.…”

Visible light active nanofibrous membrane for antibacterial wound dressing

“…As an alternative method reported by Mosinger et al, hydrophobic PS tetraphenylporphyrin was encapsulated in polyurethane or polystyrene nanofibers. 30,[35][36][37] Therefore, the leakage of the PS could be avoided, but due to the insufficient contact between the hydrophobic fiber surface and the biological targets in an aqueous medium, the photo-oxidation efficiency was significantly decreased. Increasing the surface wettability could improve the photo-oxidation efficiency of the fibers.…”