Anion-exchange membrane direct ethanol fuel cells: Status and perspective

Zhao, Tianshou; Li, Yinshi; Shen, Shuiyun

doi:10.1007/s11708-010-0127-5

Cited by 97 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Among those products, the amount of CO 2 produced by the EOR in acid media is small (o5%) [49]. Hence, it is generally agreed that the main products of the EOR in acid media are currently acetaldehyde and acetic acid with a molar ratio of around 1:1 [12], as shown in Eq. (4).…”

Section: Products Of the Eormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, ethanol is much less toxic than methanol; it has higher specific energy (8.0 kWh kg À 1 ) than methanol (6.1 kWh kg À 1 ) and can be produced in great quantities from biomass or even agricultural waste. More importantly, the CO 2 emitted during the energy production process from ethanol can be soaked up by growing plants from which the fuel is produced [12]. Ethanol is, therefore, a sustainable, carbon-neutral fuel source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon-neutral sustainable energy technology: Direct ethanol fuel cells

Zhao

2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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264

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Section: Products Of the Eormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-neutral sustainable energy technology: Direct ethanol fuel cells

Zhao

2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Self Cite

264

205

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“…The high efficiency of electrochemical conversion from energy stored in fuels (such as hydrogen or hydrogen-rich alcohols) to electrical energy has set fuel cells as one of the most potential energy conversion devices for mobile and stationary applications. 1,2 The development of more efficient, poisoning-resistant and less expensive converters plays a key role towards making fuel cells commercially available. Most of these converters consist of electrocatalysts based on noble metal nanoparticles (NPs), such as Pt and Pd.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these converters consist of electrocatalysts based on noble metal nanoparticles (NPs), such as Pt and Pd. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In this context, the synthesis and characterization of bimetallic or multimetallic NPs have attracted great interest, since they display novel physical and chemical properties, distinct from their monometallic counterparts. [7][8][9][10] Additionally, the properties of nanoalloys can be tuned by changing their size, atomic arrangement and composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge transfer effects on the chemical reactivity of Pd_xCu_1−xnanoalloys

et al. 2016

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aThis work reports on the synthesis and characterization of Pd x Cu 1−x (x = 0.7, 0.5 and 0.3) nanoalloys obtained via an eco-friendly chemical reduction method based on ascorbic acid and trisodium citrate.The average size of the quasi-spherical nanoparticles (NPs) obtained by this method was about 4 nm, as observed by TEM. The colloids containing different NPs were then supported on carbon in order to produce powder samples (Pd x Cu 1−x /C) whose electronic and structural properties were probed by different techniques. XRD analysis indicated the formation of crystalline PdCu alloys with a nanoscaled crystallite size. Core-level XPS results provided a fingerprint of a charge transfer process between Pd and Cu and its dependency on the nanoalloy composition. Additionally, it was verified that alloying was able to change the NP's reactivity towards oxidation and reduction. Indeed, the higher the amount of Pd in the nanoalloy, less oxidized are both the Pd and the Cu atoms in the as-prepared samples. Also, in situ XANES experiments during thermal treatment under a reducing atmosphere showed that the temperature required for a complete reduction of the nanoalloys depends on their composition. These results envisage the control at the atomic level of novel catalytic properties of such nanoalloys.

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“…Reviews on DEFC become available since 2006, describing the state of the art of catalysts for ethanol oxidation [31,76,77], while more recent works focused on alkaline DEFC [78][79][80]. A comprehensive review on alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells was recently published by one of us [30] over viewing catalysts, membranes and cell performance of ADAFC fuelled with methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol.…”

Section: State Of the Art Of Dmfc And Other Dafcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

Corti

González

2013

Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

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Fuel cells are strongly linked to renewable energies, particularly to the so-called "Hydrogen Economy". For decades the development of fuel cells able to convert hydrogen and oxygen in electrical energy with water as unique byproduct has motivated huge activity in fundamental and applied electrochemistry.In this chapter we introduce the concept of methanol economy and discuss its status and perspectives. To be a reality the methanol and other alcohol economies depend on the development of alcohol feed fuel cells, whose components, operation modes and general performance are analyzed. World Energy Consumption: Current Status and TendenciesThe Stone Age did not end for lack of stone, and the oil age will end long before the world runs out of oil. Sheikh Ahmed Yamani (former Saudi Arabia's Oil Minister)The world energy consumption at the beginning of this decade was 12 billion tonnes of oil equivalent (toe), 1 and 87 % is generated by burning fossil fuels (oil 33.7 %, natural gas 23.6 % and coal 29.7 %) [1], which are non-renewable and increase the CO 2 content of the atmosphere, considered as the major man-made Around a half of the world energy demand corresponds to developed countries that originally signed the Convention on the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), including United States, Canada, Japan and European Community. An important fraction of the other half is consumed by Russia and the fast-developing countries; particularly China and India, being coal, the worst fossil fuel in terms of CO 2 emissions, and the most vastly employed in these highly populated regions.An important fraction, close to 40 % of the fuel resources is used for power generation, while industry and transport demand around 30 % and 20 %, respectively [1,2]. Projections of energy demands for the next decades is a subject that concerns oil-related industries [2-4], governments and energy planners. British Petroleum projections till 2030 [2] are summarized in Fig. 1.1, where the growth in energy demand is basically modulated by the growth of the population and gross domestic product (GDP), mainly due to the contribution of the non-OECD countries. By 2030, 1.3 billion more people will need energy; and the world income is expected to roughly double the 2011 level.The raise of fossil fuel prices to record levels in real terms over the past decade inevitably lead to supply responses, by development and deployment of new technologies across a range of energy sources. Thus, the "shale revolution", first for gas and then for oil, will allow account for almost a fifth of the increase in global energy supply to 2030 [2]. Simultaneously, high prices for fossil fuels will also support the expansion of biomass renewable energy supply, accounting for 17 % of the increase in global energy supply by 2030. Hydro and nuclear together will

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Anion-exchange membrane direct ethanol fuel cells: Status and perspective

Cited by 97 publications

References 146 publications

Carbon-neutral sustainable energy technology: Direct ethanol fuel cells

Carbon-neutral sustainable energy technology: Direct ethanol fuel cells

Charge transfer effects on the chemical reactivity of Pd_xCu_1−xnanoalloys

Introduction to Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

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Anion-exchange membrane direct ethanol fuel cells: Status and perspective

Cited by 97 publications

References 146 publications

Carbon-neutral sustainable energy technology: Direct ethanol fuel cells

Carbon-neutral sustainable energy technology: Direct ethanol fuel cells

Charge transfer effects on the chemical reactivity of PdxCu1−xnanoalloys

Introduction to Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

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Product

Resources

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Charge transfer effects on the chemical reactivity of Pd_xCu_1−xnanoalloys