Anion and cation effects of ionic liquids and ammonium salts evaluated as dehydrating agents for super-heavy crude oil: Experimental and theoretical points of view

Flores, César; Flores, Edgar; Hernández, Edgar; Castro, Laura V.; García, Antonieta; Álvarez, F.; Vázquez, F.

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2014.03.044

Cited by 53 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…[114,115]. The surfactant-like behavior of peculiar ILs has identified them as potential chemical components for EOR processes, emulsion stabilizers, and/or demulsifying agents [116][117][118]. To date, the demulsifying ILs have mostly been used in conjunction with the other physical treatment means, namely microwave irradiation, in order to boost up the separation efficiency of emulsions [119,120].…”

Section: Ionic Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the demulsifying ILs have mostly been used in conjunction with the other physical treatment means, namely microwave irradiation, in order to boost up the separation efficiency of emulsions [119,120]. The limited number of publications on the use of ILs as chemical demulsifiers [118][119][120], however, highlights the necessity of further research to screen and identify more capable species for the targeted treatment.…”

Section: Ionic Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demulsification techniques of water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions in petroleum industry

Zolfaghari

Fakhru’l‐Razi

Abdullah

et al. 2016

Separation and Purification Technology

532

255

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The difficulties associated with transportation and refining of crude oil emulsions as well as produced water discharge limitations are among the conspicuous clues that have led the oilfield researchers to probe into practical demulsification methods for many decades.Inconsistent research outcomes observed in the literature for a particular demulsification method of a typical emulsion (i.e., water-in-oil or oil-in-water) arise not only from the varied influential parameters associated (such as salinity, temperature, pH, dispersed phase content, emulsifier/demulsifier concentration, droplet size, etc.), but also from the diverse types of emulsion constituents (namely oil, surfactant, salt, alkali, polymer, fine solids, and/or other chemicals/impurities). Being the main component in formation of stabilizing interfacial film surrounding the dispersed phase droplets, surfactant is the most predominant contributor to emulsion stability, extent of which depends on its nature (being ionic or nonionic, and its degree of hydrophilicity/lipophilicity), concentration and interaction with other surface-active agents in the emulsion, as well as on the salinity, temperature, and pH of the system. In this paper, it is endeavored to overview some of the most commonly exploited demulsification techniques (i.e., chemical, biological, membrane, electrical, and microwave irradiation) on both the oilfield and synthetic emulsions, taking into account the emulsion-stabilizing anddestabilizing effects with regard to the dominant parameters plus the emulsion composition.Further, the variations occurring in interfacial properties of emulsions by demulsification process are discussed. Finally, the mechanism(s) involved in emulsions resolution achieved by each method is elucidated. Clearly, the most efficient demulsification approach is the one able to attain desirable separation efficiency while complying with the environmental regulations and imposing the least economic burden on the petroleum industry.

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Section: Ionic Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ionic Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demulsification techniques of water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions in petroleum industry

Zolfaghari

Fakhru’l‐Razi

Abdullah

et al. 2016

Separation and Purification Technology

532

255

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Theoretical studies by means of density functional theory (DFT) suggested that an increase in the softness and electrophilicity of the cations correlated with lesser effectiveness as demulsifiers. Finally, the partition coefficient of the cations showed that if the viscosity of the crude oil is low, it is possible to use ILs with a low partition coefficient (log P), but if the viscosity is high, the log P of IL should be near to the [TOA][Cl] value [71].…”

Section: Ionic Liquids As Demulsifiers Of Emulsions In Petroleum Indumentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids as Surfactants – Applications as Demulsifiers of Petroleum Emulsions

Martínez‐Palou¹,

Jorge²

2015

Ionic Liquids - Current State of the Art

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“…The demulsifier formulation with a PDcE/CaCl 2 /CPAM ratio of 20:600: [7] and resulted in a dewatering efficiency of 89.5%. The disparity in efficiency between Martínez-Palou et al [33] and Flores et al [99], who both used ionic demulsifiers, could be attributed to the chemical composition of the demulsifiers and the operating conditions of the demulsification process. However, compared with these two studies, a higher demulsification efficiency (97%) was reported using a high-molecular-weight non-ionic surfactant for the demulsification of multiple high-paraffin oils from Kazakhstan oilfields [100].…”

Section: Chemical Demulsificationmentioning

confidence: 97%

An Overview of Recent Advances in State-of-the-Art Techniques in the Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsions

et al. 2019

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The processing of crude oil often requires the extraction of a large amount of water. Frequently, crude oil is mixed with water to form water-in-crude oil emulsions as the result of factors such as high shear at the production wellhead and surface-active substances that are naturally present in crude oil. These emulsions are undesirable and require demulsification to remove the dispersed water and associated inorganic salts in order to meet production and transportation specifications. Additionally, the demulsification of these crude oil emulsions mitigates corrosion and catalyst poisoning and invariably maximizes the overall profitability of crude oil production. Recently, there has been growing research interest in developing workable solutions to the difficulties associated with transporting and refining crude oil emulsions and the restrictions on produced water discharge. Therefore, this paper reviews the recent research efforts on state-of-the-art demulsification techniques. First, an overview of crude oil emulsion types, formation, and stability is presented. Then, the parameters and mechanisms of emulsification formation and different demulsification techniques are extensively examined. It is worth noting that the efficiency of each of these techniques is dependent on the operating parameters and their interplay. Moreover, a more effective demulsification process could be attained by leveraging synergistic effects by combining one or more of these techniques. Finally, this literature review then culminates with propositions for future research. Therefore, the findings of this study can help for a better understanding of the formation and mechanisms of the various demulsification methods of crude oil to work on the development of green demulsifiers by different sources.

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Anion and cation effects of ionic liquids and ammonium salts evaluated as dehydrating agents for super-heavy crude oil: Experimental and theoretical points of view

Cited by 53 publications

References 27 publications

Demulsification techniques of water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions in petroleum industry

Demulsification techniques of water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions in petroleum industry

Ionic Liquids as Surfactants – Applications as Demulsifiers of Petroleum Emulsions

An Overview of Recent Advances in State-of-the-Art Techniques in the Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsions

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