“…When directly comparing APWPs and the GMHRF, reconstructed points were rotated using poles derived from the longitudinal APWP of Embleton and McElhinny (1982) and the "linear" APWP of Idnurm (1985). Because error margins are unavailable for the poles of Embleton and McElhinny (1982), the longitudinal reconstruction also utilized a combination of the smoothed bands of Embleton (1981), as described in the methodology of Jones et al (2017). To determine poles, we adopted a method similar to that proposed by Embleton (1981), whereby the ages of poles that satisfy the criteria of Besse and Courtillot (2002) were used with a sliding time window to calibrate the approximate age.…”