Animated Faces for Robotic Heads: Gaze and Beyond

Abstract

Abstract. We introduce an approach to using animated faces for robotics where a static physical object is used as a projection surface for an animation. The talking head is projected onto a 3D physical head model. In this chapter we discuss the different benefits this approach adds over mechanical heads. After that, we investigate a phenomenon commonly referred to as the Mona Lisa gaze effect. This effect results from the use of 2D surfaces to display 3D images and causes the gaze of a portrait to seemingly follow the observer no matter where it is viewed from. The experiment investigates the perception of gaze direction by observers. The analysis shows that the 3D model eliminates the effect, and provides an accurate perception of gaze direction. We discuss at the end the different requirements of gaze in interactive systems, and explore the different settings these findings give access to.

Advances in Shader Lamps Avatars for telepresence

“…Susumu Tachi's TELESAR project uses humanoid animatronic robot surrogates with retro-reflective surfaces showing the remote inhabiter through autostereoscopic projection [11]. Al Moubayed et al projected animated human faces onto a 3D physical head, and investigated the perceived gaze direction [12]. In particular, they showed that the 3D model resulted in an accurate perception of gaze direction, unlike the Mona Lisa gaze effect typically seen when using a 2D surface to display 3D face imagery.…”