Animated agents for procedural training in virtual reality: Perception, cognition, and motor control

Rickel, Jeff; Johnson, W. Lewis

doi:10.1080/088395199117315

Cited by 351 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…USC's CARTE group has applied intelligent agents to pedagogical and training applications [1], and the ICT group has created experiences to train military personnel in interpersonal leadership [2]. Similar in spirit to this work, Research Triangle Institute's (RTI) Virtual Standardized Patient is a commercial virtual character system for training medical students [3].…”

Section: "Doctor I Have a Pain In My Side! Please Make It Go Away!"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences in Using Immersive Virtual Characters to Educate Medical Communication Skills

Johnsen

Dickerson

Raij

et al.

IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2005 (VR'05)

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This paper presents a system which allows medical students to experience the interaction between a patient and a medical doctor using natural methods of interaction with a high level of immersion. We also present our experiences with a pilot group of medical and physician assistant students at various levels of training. They interacted with projector-based life-sized virtual characters using gestures and speech. We believe that natural interaction and a high level of immersion facilitates the education of communication skills. We present the system details as well as the participants' performance and opinions. The study confirmed that the level of immersion contributed significantly to the experience, and participants reported that the system is a powerful tool for teaching and training. Applying the system to formal communication skills evaluation and further scenario development will be the focus of future research and refinement.

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Section: "Doctor I Have a Pain In My Side! Please Make It Go Away!"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences in Using Immersive Virtual Characters to Educate Medical Communication Skills

Johnsen

Dickerson

Raij

et al.

IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2005 (VR'05)

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“…Our work builds on a body of work on autonomous characters for virtual environments, for example, Blumberg and Galyean [5]; Badler, Phillips and Webber [3]; Tu and Terzopoulos [30]; Perlin and Goldberg [26], and Rickel and Johnson [27]. There has been extensive research on autonomously producing expressive behaviour of a number of types including facial expression (Pelachaud and Poggi [25]), eye gaze (Cassel et.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vilhjáalmsson and Cassell [31] use eye gaze to help regulate the flow of conversation by indicating when a speaker is about to finish talking, when someone wants to start or end a conversation and other similar information. Rickel and Johnson [27], in their character based virtual reality tutoring system, use gaze primarily as a method of indicating to the user an area of interest in the environment. Thórisson [29] simulates eye gaze in the context of more general work on multi-modal communicative behaviour during conversation.…”

Section: Eye Gazementioning

confidence: 99%

Customisation and Context for Expressive Behaviour in the Broadband World

Gillies¹,

Crabtree²,

Ballin³

2004

BT Technology Journal

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The introduction of consumer broadband makes it possible to have an emotionally much richer experience of the internet. One way of achieving this is the use of animated characters endowed with emotionally expressive behaviour. This paper describes Demeanour, a framework for generating expressive behaviour, developed collaboratively by University College London and BT plc. The focus of this paper will be on two important aspects; the customisation of expressive behaviour and how expressive behaviour can be made context dependent.Customisation is a very popular feature for internet software, particularly as it allows users to present a specific identity to other users; the ability to customise beahviour will increase this sense of identity. Demeanour supports a number of user friendly methods for customisng behaviour, all of which use a character profile that ultimately controls the behaviour of the character.What counts as appropriate behaviour is highly dependent on the context, where you are, who you are talking to, whether you have a particular job or role. It is therefore very important that characters are able to exhibit different behaviours in different contexts. Demeanour allows characters to load different profiles in different contexts and therefore produce different behaviour.

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“…This collaboration has also been called mixed-initiative systems [34], in which either the system or the user can initiate action, access information and suggest or enact responses [70]. Mixed-initiative systems have been explored in diverse areas including knowledge discovery [71], problem-solving in AI [26], procedural training in virtual reality [56] and much more. The field of Visual Analytics is deeply rooted in human-computer collaboration; that is, Visual Analytics seeks to leverage both analyst intelligence and machine computational ability in a collaborative effort to solve complex problems.…”

Section: Human-computer Collaborationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Affordance-Based Framework for Human Computation and Human-Computer Collaboration

Crouser

Chang

2012

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Abstract-VisualAnalytics is "the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by visual interactive interfaces" [70]. The goal of this field is to develop tools and methodologies for approaching problems whose size and complexity render them intractable without the close coupling of both human and machine analysis. Researchers have explored this coupling in many venues: VAST, Vis, InfoVis, CHI, KDD, IUI, and more. While there have been myriad promising examples of human-computer collaboration, there exists no common language for comparing systems or describing the benefits afforded by designing for such collaboration. We argue that this area would benefit significantly from consensus about the design attributes that define and distinguish existing techniques. In this work, we have reviewed 1,271 papers from many of the top-ranking conferences in visual analytics, human-computer interaction, and visualization. From these, we have identified 49 papers that are representative of the study of human-computer collaborative problem-solving, and provide a thorough overview of the current state-of-the-art. Our analysis has uncovered key patterns of design hinging on humanand machine-intelligence affordances, and also indicates unexplored avenues in the study of this area. The results of this analysis provide a common framework for understanding these seemingly disparate branches of inquiry, which we hope will motivate future work in the field.

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Animated agents for procedural training in virtual reality: Perception, cognition, and motor control

Cited by 351 publications

References 7 publications

Experiences in Using Immersive Virtual Characters to Educate Medical Communication Skills

Experiences in Using Immersive Virtual Characters to Educate Medical Communication Skills

Customisation and Context for Expressive Behaviour in the Broadband World

An Affordance-Based Framework for Human Computation and Human-Computer Collaboration

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