Animal welfare and intensive production of turkey broilers

Martrenchar, Arnaud

doi:10.1079/wps19990010

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The results show that the use of forced ventilation in turkeys' rearing environment may is a good strategy to reduce heat stress, as previously suggested for broiler chickens in literature (Mitchell & Kelley, 1983;Timmons andHillman,1993;Bottcher & Czarick,1997;Czarick & Lacy, 1999;Aradas et al, 2005;Hurwitz et al, 1980;Cavalchini, 1985;Yahav et al, 1995;Martrenchar, 1999;Teeter & Belay, 1996).…”

Section: -Days-turkeyssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Birds housed in artificial habitats face a wide range of potentially harmful environmental challenges, such as temperature, relative humidity, air quality, and wind speed (Hurwitz et al, 1980;Yahav et al, 1995;Teeter & Belay, 1996;Martrenchar, 1999;Morgan & Tromborg, 2007). Turkeys, like most birds, need high environmental temperature immediately after hatching, while optimal temperature ranges are 25-35 °C and 15-21 °C for 8-wk-old and 12-24-wk-old turkeys, respectively (Yahav et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, mature turkeys present high tolerance to cold environments, including temperatures around freezing point (Hellickson et al, 1967). Environmental temperatures above 27°C increase both respiratory rate and body temperature, as well as water consumption, consequently decreasing growth rate and performance (Cavalchini, 1985;Yahav et al, 1995;Martrenchar, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Turkey Wattle Temperature Response to Distinct Environmental Factors

Mendes

Moura

Morello

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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KeywordsWind speed, thermal comfort, relative humidity, environmental exposure. ABStRACtRearing environmental conditions are important for turkey production, because this bird is particularly sensitive to heat stress. This study aimed at measuring the wattle temperature response of turkeys of three different ages (61, 96, and 131 days old) exposed to different combinations of dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed ranges, as an indication of their physiological responses. The experiment was conducted with 42 male birds housed in a controlled environment chamber and exposed to different combinations of two air speed (WS) ranges (WS 1 = 0.3-0.6 ms -1 , considered low, and WS 2 = 1.2-1.6 ms -1 , considered high), dry bulb temperature (DBT) between 22 and 34 °C, and relative humidity (RH) between 40 to 90 %. The statistical analysis showed that WS, DBT, and RH significantly influenced wattle temperature of 61-d-old turkeys, while only WS and DBT influenced this response when turkeys were 96 days old. Furthermore, DBT was highly correlated with both low and high WS. In 131-day-old turkeys, WT response was virtually the same at both wind speed ranges when high DBT was applied. Turkey wattle temperature was influenced by wind speed, and was dependent on both environmental dry bulb temperature and relative humidity, as well as bird age.

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Section: -Days-turkeyssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Turkey Wattle Temperature Response to Distinct Environmental Factors

Mendes

Moura

Morello

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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“…Similarly, Hughes and Wood-Gush (1977) observed laying hens engaged in more aggressive head pecking in groups of six rather than three hens. Martrenchar (1999) suggested this evidence from laying hens may also explain the high incidence of injurious pecking amongst commercial turkeys in free-run flocks of thousands of birds. However, unlike the other forms of injurious pecking, rates of aggressive head pecking in turkeys are affected by bird familiarity.…”

Section: Environmental Causesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…An inherent need to peck may be too simplistic to explain this abnormal behaviour. It appears severe feather pecking and cannibalism, like all forms of injurious pecking in turkeys, are controlled by multiple influences from the environment, diet, and underlying genetic make-up (Martrenchar, 1999;Sherwin et al, 1999). The type of forage provided may not have satisfied turkey preference, but likely the notion of a pre-determined pecking requirement is more complex (Hughes and Grigor, 1996;Busayi et al, 2006).…”

Section: An Inherent Need To Peckmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injurious pecking in domestic turkeys: development, causes, and potential solutions

Dalton

Wood

Torrey

2013

World's Poultry Science Journal

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Patterns of musculoskeletal growth and dimensional changes associated with selection and developmental plasticity in domestic and wild strain turkeys

Stover

Weinreich

Roberts

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Domestication is a type of experimental evolution in which humans have artificially selected for specific desired traits. Selected strain animals can be utilized to identify correlated responses by comparing them to the wild strain. In particular, domestic turkeys have been selected for increased body mass and high‐growth rate, most significantly over the past 60 years. Yet it remains unclear how artificial selection has affected the morphology and evolution of the musculoskeletal system as a whole. Here, we compare growth rate over 21 weeks, hind limb bone scaling across ontogeny via in vivo CT scanning, and muscle proportions in wild and domestic turkeys to identify differences in structural scaling and the potential contributions of selection and developmental plasticity to whole‐organism morphology. The domestic turkeys grew at a higher rate (0.14 kg/day vs. 0.05 kg/day) and reached over 3 times the body mass of wild birds. Comparing the proportional muscle masses in adult turkeys, only the trunk had a greater mass ratio in the domestic turkey, driven solely by M. pectoralis (2.8 times larger). The proportional increase in only breast meat and no other muscles highlights the surgical precision attainable with artificial selection. The domestic turkey femur and tibiotarsus displayed increases in polar moment of area, apparently maintaining torsional strength as body mass increased. The lack of dimensional change in the more vertically held tarsometatarsus is consistent with the pattern expected due to developmental plasticity. These results from the domestic turkey emphasize that there are morphological limits to preserving the balance between growth and function, and varying rates of trait evolution can further complicate this equilibrium.

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Animal welfare and intensive production of turkey broilers

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Turkey Wattle Temperature Response to Distinct Environmental Factors

Turkey Wattle Temperature Response to Distinct Environmental Factors

Injurious pecking in domestic turkeys: development, causes, and potential solutions

Patterns of musculoskeletal growth and dimensional changes associated with selection and developmental plasticity in domestic and wild strain turkeys

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