Animal-sourced foods for improved cognitive development

Balehegn, Mulubrhan; Mekuriaw, Z.; Miller, Laurie C.; McKune, Sarah; Adesogan, A.T.

doi:10.1093/af/vfz039

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Climate and environmental issues are shaping the perception of consuming livestock products in western diets, and people are being urged to reduce meat consumption. Yet in the developing world, many children survive on diets deficient in proteins and animal products and require milk and meat in their diets for cognitive development [52]. Livestock production systems are intensifying in the tropics with an increase in crossbred dairy cows with higher feed requirements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Challenges in Ex Situ Conservation of Forage Germplasm: Grasses, Herbaceous Legumes and Fodder Trees

Hanson¹,

Ellis

2020

Plants

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Forages provide an important livestock feed resource globally, particularly for millions of smallholder farmers, and have important roles in natural resource management and carbon sequestration, reducing soil erosion and mitigating the effects of climate change. Forage germplasm remains the basis for the selection and development of new, higher-yielding and better adaptedgenotypes to meet the increasing demand for livestock feed. Rapid rates of genetic erosion of forage diversity due to land-use change from natural pastures and rangelands to crop production to meet the food security requirements of a growing global population, together with pressures from a changing climate, highlight the necessity for ex situ seed conservation of forage genetic resources to provide germplasm for use by future generations. Whilst many forage species have orthodox seeds, the diverse range of genera and species which provide forage is a challenge in terms of the wide scope of information and understanding on conservation methods that genebank managers require—particularly for tropical forages, many of which are comparatively under-researched. We review the challenges to the conservation of tropical forage species by seed in ex situ genebanks and provide information on optimum methods for their management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Challenges in Ex Situ Conservation of Forage Germplasm: Grasses, Herbaceous Legumes and Fodder Trees

Hanson¹,

Ellis

2020

Plants

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“…Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been the focus of much research in this field [ 121 ]. However, there are other biochemical nutrients that have been shown to enhance neural development in animals [ 122 ]. We have been interested in HMOs, particularly SMOs and its key functional player Sia.…”

Section: Health Benefits Of Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspective of Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharides in Mammalian Milk: Implications for Brain and Gut Health of Newborns

Hobbs

Jahan

Ghorashi

et al. 2021

Foods

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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant solid component after lactose and lipids of breast milk. All mammal milk contains soluble oligosaccharides, including neutral milk oligosaccharides (NMOs) without sialic acid (Sia) moieties and acidic oligosaccharides or sialylated milk oligosaccharides (SMOs) with Sia residues at the end of sugar chains. The structural, biological diversity, and concentration of milk oligosaccharides in mammalian milk are significantly different among species. HMOs have multiple health benefits for newborns, including development of immune system, modification of the intestinal microbiota, anti-adhesive effect against pathogens, and brain development. Most infant formulas lack oligosaccharides which resemble HMOs. Formula-fed infants perform poorly across physical and psychological wellbeing measures and suffer health disadvantages compared to breast-fed infants due to the differences in the nutritional composition of breast milk and infant formula. Of these milk oligosaccharides, SMOs are coming to the forefront of research due to the beneficial nature of Sia. This review aims to critically discuss the current state of knowledge of the biology and role of SMOs in human milk, infant formula milks, and milk from several other species on gut and brain health of human and animal offspring.

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“…For example, in the United States, where a wide variety of food options are readily available, milk is the leading source of several essential nutrients including protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B 12 , and riboflavin for children from 2 to 18 yr of age (Keast et al, 2013). Strong evidence indicates that animal-sourced foods and the nutrients they supply provide beneficial health outcomes; for example, reduced stunting (Headey et al, 2018) and improved cognitive function in children (FAO, 2011a;Balehegn et al, 2019). Even in small amounts, high-quality protein and highly bioavailable micronutrients can play an important role in the nutritional status of low-income households by addressing micro-and macronutrient deficiencies, particularly in vulnerable populations, such as children, adolescent females, and pregnant and lactating women.…”

Section: Social and Economic Considerations Of Milk Production And Consumption In Low-income Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MILK Symposium review: Sustainability of dairy production and consumption in low-income countries with emphasis on productivity and environmental impact

Tricárico

Kebreab

Wattiaux

2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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Sustainable milk production and consumption in low-income countries must address food security and climate change mitigation simultaneously. Socioeconomic sustainability is paramount in low-income countries, where milk production and consumption represent a vehicle to improve human nutrition and health, as well as the potential for economic opportunity and improved livelihood of subsistence farmers. These benefits can only be achieved with judicious use of animal stocks and agricultural practices that do not exhaust available natural resources, which are often shared by regional farming communities. Milk and dairy foods provide variety to the diet and make significant contributions to meeting the needs for high-quality protein, calcium, magnesium, selenium, riboflavin, vitamin B 12 , and pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5 ) in at-risk populations, particularly children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Milk production in low-income countries occurs largely in smallholder mixed crop-livestock systems where animals play multiple roles and may suffer from undernutrition, leading to negligible or no milk production during several months of the year. Non-food roles of livestock include draft, fuel (manure), store of capital, and insurance against crop failure. These roles and the social standing associated with animal ownership may incentivize the maintenance of large herds that place stress on feed (land) and water resources. Under these circumstances, sustainable intensification (i.e., increasing milk production from currently available resources) represents the single most important and practical strategy to improve the sustainability of milk production and consumption in low-income countries. Improving the genetic potential of animals and the availability of quality feed, and providing balanced nutrition are the most promising strategies to improve milk production and sustainability in low-income countries. For example, the deficit for milk in Ethiopia is estimated at 4.5 billion liters/year, which can be closed, in part, with balanced animal nutrition. Milk production in low-income countries will be more sustainable if it relies on natural resources available locally and regionally to supply essential nutrients to at-risk human populations.

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Animal-sourced foods for improved cognitive development

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Progress and Challenges in Ex Situ Conservation of Forage Germplasm: Grasses, Herbaceous Legumes and Fodder Trees

Progress and Challenges in Ex Situ Conservation of Forage Germplasm: Grasses, Herbaceous Legumes and Fodder Trees

Current Perspective of Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharides in Mammalian Milk: Implications for Brain and Gut Health of Newborns

MILK Symposium review: Sustainability of dairy production and consumption in low-income countries with emphasis on productivity and environmental impact

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