Animal-Protein Intake Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2) Calibration Substudy Participants: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Azemati, Bahar; Rajaram, Sujatha; Jaceldo‐Siegl, Karen; Sabaté, Joan; Shavlik, David; Fraser, Gary E.; Haddad, Ella

doi:10.3945/cdn.116.000299

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Thus, not a high protein intake in general but the protein quality may play a crucial role for modulating disease risk [ 16 , 17 ]. This is in line with other studies showing that not the total protein intake itself but the protein composition or the AA pattern is important with regard to risk of T2D and CVD [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. These results strengthen our hypothesis that the dietary pattern beyond the intake of BCAA rather than the effect of BCAA intake itself contribute to the increased risk for chronic diseases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dietary Pattern and Plasma BCAA-Variations in Healthy Men and Women—Results from the KarMeN Study

et al. 2018

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Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in plasma are discussed as risk factors for the onset of several diseases. Information about the contribution of the overall diet to plasma BCAA concentrations is controversial. Our objective was to investigate which dietary pattern is associated with plasma BCAA concentrations and whether other additional nutrients besides BCAA further characterize this dietary pattern. Based on the cross-sectional KarMeN study, fasting plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, as well as current and habitual dietary intake were assessed in 298 healthy individuals. Using reduced rank regression, we derived a habitual dietary pattern that explained 32.5% of plasma BCAA variation. This pattern was high in meat, sausages, sauces, eggs, and ice cream but low in nuts, cereals, mushrooms, and pulses. The age, sex, and energy intake adjusted dietary pattern score was associated with an increase in animal-based protein together with a decrease in plant-based protein, dietary fiber, and an unfavorable fatty acid composition. Besides BCAA, alanine, lysine and the aromatic AA were positively associated with the dietary pattern score as well. All of these factors were reported to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases before. Our data suggest that rather than the dietary intake of BCAA, the overall dietary pattern that contributes to high BCAA plasma concentrations may modulate chronic diseases risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dietary Pattern and Plasma BCAA-Variations in Healthy Men and Women—Results from the KarMeN Study

et al. 2018

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“…The current study split total dietary protein intake into AP and PP intake. Contrary to other reports of an increased risk of GDM in a pregnant population [9,12,42,43,44], and increased insulin resistance in a non-pregnant population [24], we did not find any prominent relationship between maternal AP intake and insulin sensitivity. It is notable that in spite of lack of such a relationship, there still was a positive connection between TP and PP intake and insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of long-term higher protein diets on insulin regulation and glucose metabolism is less clear with some studies reporting a negative effect, and others reporting a neutral or positive effect [8,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]. Further, the source of the dietary protein may impact insulin regulation and glucose metabolism with studies supporting a negative impact of animal sources (specifically red meat and processed meat) [24,25], and a positive impact of plant-based and lean animal meat sources [25,26]. These relationships in a pregnant population are unclear due to the limited amount of data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity Status Affects the Relationship Between Protein Intake and Insulin Sensitivity in Late Pregnancy

et al. 2019

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The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between amount and type of dietary protein intake and insulin sensitivity in late pregnancy, in normal weight and overweight women (29.8 ± 0.2 weeks gestation, n = 173). A 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered following an overnight fast to estimate the metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCR, mg·kg−1·min−1) using four different equations accounting for the availability of blood samples. Total (TP), animal (AP), and plant (PP) protein intakes were assessed using a 3-day food record. Two linear models with MCR as the response variable were fitted to the data to estimate the relationship of protein intake to insulin sensitivity either unadjusted or adjusted for early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) because of the potential of BMI to influence this relationship. There was a positive association between TP (β = 1.37, p = 0.002) and PP (β = 4.44, p < 0.001) intake in the last trimester of pregnancy and insulin sensitivity that weakened when accounting for early pregnancy BMI. However, there was no relationship between AP intake and insulin sensitivity (β = 0.95, p = 0.08). Therefore, early pregnancy BMI may be a better predictor of insulin sensitivity than dietary protein intake in late pregnancy.

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“…For instance, are plant-derived proteins healthier than animal proteins? Protein intake studies in humans have suggested that whilst high intake of animal proteins has a negative effect on metabolic health, this may not be the case for vegetable protein intake (Azemati et al, 2017; Sluijs et al, 2010). Indeed, clinical trials of vegan diets have found that they promote metabolic health, although the lower levels of proteins consumed by many vegans is a confounding factor (Barnard et al, 2009, 2006; Lee et al, 2016).…”

Section: Amino Acids Act As Metabolic Health Regulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of metabolic health by essential dietary amino acids

Green

Lamming

2019

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

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Although the beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR) on health and aging were first observed a century ago, the specific macronutrients and molecular processes that mediate the effect of CR have been heavily debated. Recently, it has become clear that dietary protein plays a key role in regulating both metabolic health and longevity, and that both the quantity and quality - the specific amino acid composition - of dietary protein mediates metabolic health. Here, we discuss recent findings in model organisms ranging from yeast to mice and humans regarding the influence of dietary protein as well as specific amino acids on metabolic health, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms which may mediate these effects. We then discuss recent findings which suggest that the restriction of specific dietary amino acids may be a potent therapy to treat or prevent metabolic syndrome. Finally, we discuss the potential for dietary restriction of specific amino acids - or pharmaceuticals which harness these same mechanisms - to promote healthy aging.

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Animal-Protein Intake Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2) Calibration Substudy Participants: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Dietary Pattern and Plasma BCAA-Variations in Healthy Men and Women—Results from the KarMeN Study

Dietary Pattern and Plasma BCAA-Variations in Healthy Men and Women—Results from the KarMeN Study

Obesity Status Affects the Relationship Between Protein Intake and Insulin Sensitivity in Late Pregnancy

Regulation of metabolic health by essential dietary amino acids

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