Abstract:Wetlands are among the most important ecosystems on Earth both in terms of productivity and biodiversity, but also as a source of the greenhouse gas CH(4). Microbial processes catalyzing nutrient recycling and CH(4) production are controlled by sediment physico-chemistry, which is in turn affected by plant activity and the foraging behaviour of herbivores. We performed field and laboratory experiments to evaluate the direct effect of herbivores on soil microbial activity and their indirect effects as the conse… Show more
“…We have to keep in mind though that these potential methane production and oxidation analyses were in vitro assays under optimal conditions yielding potential activities with soil derived near the roots and rhizomes, but not actually on the roots, thereby not necessarily reflecting the in situ activity. Nevertheless, the observed in vitro rates were in the same range as observed for rice fields (Bodelier et al 2000, Kruger andFrenzel 2003), lake sediments (Bodelier et al 2006), and river floodplains (Kemnitz et al 2004, Steenbergh et al 2010) and hence, representative for wetland habitats. Also, the measured pore water methane concentrations were in the same range as observed in rice field soil (Bodelier et al 2000) and also displayed a characteristic depth distribution.…”
supporting
confidence: 50%
“…Potential methane production activity (PMP) was determined as described by Bodelier et al (2006), while potential methane oxidation activity (PMO) was described by Bodelier and Frenzel (1999). For more details see the Appendix.…”
Section: Experimental Designmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A meta-analysis by Ostendorp (1989) concludes that various grazers and especially Graylag Geese (Anser anser) seriously harm healthy stands of emergent helophytes at different locations across Europe. Bodelier et al (2006) showed that swan-grazing on belowground tubers of a submerged macrophyte strongly reduced methane production activity of methanogenic microorganisms. However, whereas especially emergent helophytes have a disproportionally strong effect on methane emission, the impact of grazing on methane emission from helophytes remains largely unknown.…”
Abstract. Wetlands are significant sources of atmospheric methane. Methane produced by microbes enters roots and escapes to the atmosphere through the shoots of emergent wetland plants. Herbivorous birds graze on helophytes, but their effect on methane emission remains unknown. We hypothesized that grazing on shoots of wetland plants can modulate methane emission from wetlands. Diffusive methane emission was monitored inside and outside bird exclosures, using static flux chambers placed over whole vegetation and over single shoots. Both methods showed significantly higher methane release from grazed vegetation. Surface-based diffusive methane emission from grazed plots was up to five times higher compared to exclosures. The absence of an effect on methane-cycling microbial processes indicated that this modulating effect acts on the gas transport by the plants. Modulation of methane emission by animal-plant-microbe interactions deserves further attention considering the increasing bird populations and changes in wetland vegetation as a consequence of changing land use and climate change.
“…We have to keep in mind though that these potential methane production and oxidation analyses were in vitro assays under optimal conditions yielding potential activities with soil derived near the roots and rhizomes, but not actually on the roots, thereby not necessarily reflecting the in situ activity. Nevertheless, the observed in vitro rates were in the same range as observed for rice fields (Bodelier et al 2000, Kruger andFrenzel 2003), lake sediments (Bodelier et al 2006), and river floodplains (Kemnitz et al 2004, Steenbergh et al 2010) and hence, representative for wetland habitats. Also, the measured pore water methane concentrations were in the same range as observed in rice field soil (Bodelier et al 2000) and also displayed a characteristic depth distribution.…”
supporting
confidence: 50%
“…Potential methane production activity (PMP) was determined as described by Bodelier et al (2006), while potential methane oxidation activity (PMO) was described by Bodelier and Frenzel (1999). For more details see the Appendix.…”
Section: Experimental Designmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A meta-analysis by Ostendorp (1989) concludes that various grazers and especially Graylag Geese (Anser anser) seriously harm healthy stands of emergent helophytes at different locations across Europe. Bodelier et al (2006) showed that swan-grazing on belowground tubers of a submerged macrophyte strongly reduced methane production activity of methanogenic microorganisms. However, whereas especially emergent helophytes have a disproportionally strong effect on methane emission, the impact of grazing on methane emission from helophytes remains largely unknown.…”
Abstract. Wetlands are significant sources of atmospheric methane. Methane produced by microbes enters roots and escapes to the atmosphere through the shoots of emergent wetland plants. Herbivorous birds graze on helophytes, but their effect on methane emission remains unknown. We hypothesized that grazing on shoots of wetland plants can modulate methane emission from wetlands. Diffusive methane emission was monitored inside and outside bird exclosures, using static flux chambers placed over whole vegetation and over single shoots. Both methods showed significantly higher methane release from grazed vegetation. Surface-based diffusive methane emission from grazed plots was up to five times higher compared to exclosures. The absence of an effect on methane-cycling microbial processes indicated that this modulating effect acts on the gas transport by the plants. Modulation of methane emission by animal-plant-microbe interactions deserves further attention considering the increasing bird populations and changes in wetland vegetation as a consequence of changing land use and climate change.
“…Trampling by ducks foraging in ricefields after harvest can increase decomposition of residual surface straw by up to 78%, providing a clear benefit to farmers who otherwise spend up to $125 ha −1 in chopping, ploughing or disking residual rice straw (Bird, Pettygrove & Eadie, 2000;van Groenigen et al, 2003). Bioturbation by swans feeding on submerged macrophytes can reduce production of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, owing to increased oxidation of sediments (Bodelier et al, 2006). However, the opposite occurs when waterbirds feed on helophytes (emergent plants) (Dingemans, Bakker & Bodelier, 2011).…”
Section: (5) Nutrient and Biogeochemical Cyclingmentioning
Ecosystem services are ecosystem processes that directly or indirectly benefit human well-being. There has been much recent literature identifying different services and the communities and species that provide them. This is a vital first step towards management and maintenance of these services. In this review, we specifically address the waterbirds, which play key functional roles in many aquatic ecosystems, including as predators, herbivores and vectors of seeds, invertebrates and nutrients, although these roles have often been overlooked. Waterbirds can maintain the diversity of other organisms, control pests, be effective bioindicators of ecological conditions, and act as sentinels of potential disease outbreaks. They also provide important provisioning (meat, feathers, eggs, etc.) and cultural services to both indigenous and westernized societies. We identify key gaps in the understanding of ecosystem services provided by waterbirds and areas for future research required to clarify their functional role in ecosystems and the services they provide. We consider how the economic value of these services could be calculated, giving some examples. Such valuation will provide powerful arguments for waterbird conservation.
Benthic fauna, as ecosystem engineers, can strongly affect microbial-driven ecosystem biogeochemical cycling. However, the effects of benthic fauna, especially epifauna, on CH 4 cycling remain still elusive. In this study, CH 4 effluxes were both measured along a gradient of snail density in a freshwater lake ecosystem in China, and monitored in manipulated laboratory microcosms with and without snails. Field CH 4 efflux was significantly increased with snail density. Likewise, the stimulating effects of freshwater snails on CH 4 effluxes were evident in the homogenized indoor microcosms. These results show that snails can stimulate CH 4 efflux in the freshwater lake ecosystem. Moreover, the average efflux of CH 4 emitted from snails' habitats has reached 15.33 mg CH 4 -C m −2 d −1 . By comparing with those emitted from vegetated coastal marsh and alpine wetland, this data indicates that snails' habitats are strong sources of CH 4 in a freshwater ecosystem. This study suggests identifying and modeling epifauna activity as a function of CH 4 cycling could improve the mechanistic understanding of wetland biogeochemical cycling responses to climate change.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.