Animal models of the immunology and pathogenesis of human babesiosis

Kumar, Abhinav; Kabra, Aditya; Igarashi, Ikuo; Krause, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2022.11.003

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Alternatively, those neurologic symptoms and renal impairment might be a consequence of a com-mon pathologic mechanism, such as microvascular obstruction from cytoadhering infected erythrocytes or excessive proinflammatory cytokine release. Animal studies likewise have found an association between renal complications and cerebral complications of babesiosis (31,(36)(37)(38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The etiology of Babesia-associated neurologic symptoms is unknown. Central nervous system complications observed in B. bovis in cattle and B. canis in dogs are thought to be caused by erythrocyte, platelet, and leukocyte cytoadherence to vascular endothelium with vascular obstruction, excessive proinflammatory cytokine activation associated with high parasitemia, or both (12,(29)(30)(31)(32). One of the patients in our study had an acute left-middle cerebral artery stroke consistent with vascular obstruction; however, a direct link between stroke and this parasitic infection cannot be established with a single case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurologic Complications of Babesiosis, United States, 2011–2021

Locke¹,

O’Bryan²,

Zubair³

et al. 2023

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Babesiosis is a globally distributed parasitic infection caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa. The full spectrum of neurologic symptoms, the underlying neuropathophysiology, and neurologic risk factors are poorly understood. Our study sought to describe the type and frequency of neurologic complications of babesiosis in a group of hospitalized patients and assess risk factors that might predispose patients to neurologic complications. We reviewed medical records of adult patients who were admitted to Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, during January 2011–October 2021 with laboratory-confirmed babesiosis. More than half of the 163 patients experienced > 1 neurologic symptoms during their hospital admissions. The most frequent symptoms were headache, confusion/delirium, and impaired consciousness. Neurologic symptoms were associated with high-grade parasitemia, renal failure, and history of diabetes mellitus. Clinicians working in endemic areas should recognize the range of symptoms associated with babesiosis, including neurologic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic Complications of Babesiosis, United States, 2011–2021

Locke¹,

O’Bryan²,

Zubair³

et al. 2023

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…T-lymphocytes developed in the thymus participate in monitoring and eliminating pathogenic microorganisms [30]. The spleen hosts a wide range of immunologic functions alongside its roles in hematopoiesis and red blood cell clearance [31]. As shown in Figure 3, both thymus and spleen index declined evidently in the MC group, indicating that UV-irradiation induced thymus and spleen damage.…”

Section: Effect Of Spps On the Thymus And Spleen Indexmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Protective Effects of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Pupae Peptides on UV-Induced Skin Photoaging in Mice

Lin,

Fan,

et al. 2024

Foods

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Silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae are popular edible insects with high nutritional and therapeutic value. Currently, there is growing interest in the comprehensive application of silkworm pupae. In this study, peptides that exhibited anti-photoaging activity were obtained from silkworm pupae protein, aiming to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of silkworm pupae peptides (SPPs) on skin photoaging. The results showed that SPPs were composed of 900 short peptides and could effectively alleviate skin photoaging progression. They significantly eliminated excessive production of ROS and MDA; meanwhile, they also renovated the antioxidant enzyme activities. The biomarkers related to collagen synthesis and degradation, including hydroxyproline, interstitial collagenase, and gelatinase, demonstrated that SPPs could suppress collagen degradation. Histopathological results showed that SPPs could reduce the inflammatory infiltrate and the thickness of the dermis and epidermis, as well as increase the collagen bundles and muscle fibers. The histopathological and biochemical results confirmed that SPPs could alleviate photoaging by inhibiting abnormal skin changes, reducing oxidative stress, and immune suppression. Overall, these data prove the protective effects of SPPs against the photoaging process, suggesting their potential as an active ingredient in skin photoaging prevention and therapy.

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“…Besides parasite proteins on the surface of infected RBCs causing adherence to endothelial cells, Babesia -infected erythrocytes can be sequestered in micro-vessels through the action of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) [ 262 ]. In human malaria, direct sequestration of erythrocytes is caused by expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on the surface of endothelial cells [ 263 , 264 ].…”

Section: Sequestration Of Rbcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Anemia in Canine Babesiosis: Possible Contribution of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines—A Review

Zygner

Gójska-Zygner²,

Norbury

2023

Pathogens

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Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne protozoan disease caused by intraerythrocytic parasites of the genus Babesia. The infection may lead to anemia in infected dogs. However, anemia is not directly caused by the pathogen. The parasite’s developmental stages only have a marginal role in contributing to a decreased red blood cell (RBC) count. The main cause of anemia in affected dogs is the immune response to the infection. This response includes antibody production, erythrophagocytosis, oxidative damage of RBCs, complement activation, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Moreover, both infected and uninfected erythrocytes are retained in the spleen and sequestered in micro-vessels. All these actions are driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, especially IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Additionally, imbalance between the actions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines plays a role in patho-mechanisms leading to anemia in canine babesiosis. This article is a review of the studies on the pathogenesis of anemia in canine babesiosis and related diseases, such as bovine or murine babesiosis and human or murine malaria, and the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the mechanisms leading to anemia in infected dogs.

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Animal models of the immunology and pathogenesis of human babesiosis

Cited by 6 publications

References 110 publications

Neurologic Complications of Babesiosis, United States, 2011–2021

Neurologic Complications of Babesiosis, United States, 2011–2021

The Protective Effects of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Pupae Peptides on UV-Induced Skin Photoaging in Mice

Pathogenesis of Anemia in Canine Babesiosis: Possible Contribution of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines—A Review

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