Animal Models of Mania: Essential Tools to Better Understand Bipolar Disorder

Andrographolide blocks 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, hyperlocomotion and oxidative stress in an animal model of mania

“…The administration of psychostimulants (e.g., d-amphetamine) is a common method for inducing manic-like behavior in animal models, such as hyperlocomotion and increases in 50 kHz USV (Young et al, 2011;Sharma et al, 2016;de Miranda et al, 2017). LDX is a long-acting pro-drug of d-amphetamine employed in the therapeutic management of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Ermer et al, 2016).…”

“…This increase in 50-kHz USV was blocked by the antimanic drugs lithium, tamoxifen and antipsychotics (Wintink and Brudzynski, 2001;Pereira et al, 2014;Barker et al, 2015;Wendler et al, 2016Wendler et al, , 2019. Thus, 50-kHz USV have been proposed as a new marker in animal models of mania, representing the increase in the positive affect and/or elevated mood (Wendler et al, 2016;Engelhardt et al, 2017;de Miranda et al, 2017;Wendler et al, 2019; for review, see Wöhr, 2021). In the present study, repeated treatment with ANDRO and lithium prevented LDX effects in the number of 50-kHz calls, and in the number of trill and flat calls subtypes.…”

“…Psychostimulant administration is the animal model of mania most frequently used (Young et al, 2011;de Miranda et al, 2017). This model is based on the drug-induced increase in locomotor activity mainly (Young et al, 2011;de Miranda et al, 2017).…”

“…Psychostimulant administration is the animal model of mania most frequently used (Young et al, 2011;de Miranda et al, 2017). This model is based on the drug-induced increase in locomotor activity mainly (Young et al, 2011;de Miranda et al, 2017). More recently, we proposed that 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV), which are related to positive affect, could be an additional readout for manic-like states (Pereira et al, 2014;Wendler et al, 2016Wendler et al, , 2019Engelhardt et al, 2017).…”