Animal Models of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence

Hijaz, Adonis; Daneshgari, Firouz; Sievert, Karl Dietrich; Damaser, Margot S.

doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.01.096

Cited by 73 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…VD has been extensively used as an experimental model to serve as a simulation of the tissue damage incurred as a result of vaginal childbirth (6,10,17,22,26). Histological results in our study demonstrated muscle injuries with increased fiber disruption, atrophy and waviness in the urethra after either PNC or VD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Vaginal distension (VD) and pudendal nerve crush (PNC) in rats are two relevant and well-established animal models of SUI of simulated childbirth (10,17,22,26). Numerous studies have demonstrated that these injuries in rats can represent the clinical injuries of vaginal childbirth in women since both lead to decreased urethral closure ability, decreased leak point pressure (LPP), and symptoms of SUI (6,10,22,26,31).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dual simulated childbirth injury delays anatomic recovery

Pan¹,

Kerns²,

Lin³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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A dual childbirth injury model, including vaginal distension (VD) and pudendal nerve crush (PNC), may best represent the injuries seen clinically. The objective of this study was to investigate urethral function, anatomy, and neurotrophin expression after several simulated childbirth injuries. Groups of 140 rats underwent PNC, VD, PNC+VD, or neither (C). Four days after injury, all injury groups had significantly decreased leak-point pressure (LPP) compared with C rats. Ten days after injury, LPP in PNC and PNC+VD rats remained significantly lower than C rats. Three weeks after injury, LPP in all injury groups had recovered to C values. Histological evidence of injury was still evident in the external urethral sphincter (EUS) after VD and PNC+VD 10 days after injury. Three weeks after injury, the EUS of PNC+VD rats remained disrupted. One day after VD, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the EUS was reduced, while neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression was unchanged. BDNF, NT-4, and NGF expression was dramatically upregulated in the EUS after PNC. After PNC+VD, NGF expression was upregulated, and BDNF and NT-4 expression was upregulated somewhat but not to the same extent as after PNC. Ten days after injury, PNC+VD had the least number of normal nerve fascicles near the EUS, followed by PNC and VD. Twenty-one days after injury, all injury groups had fewer normal nerve fascicles, but without significant differences compared with C rats. PNC+VD therefore provides a more severe injury than PNC or VD alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual simulated childbirth injury delays anatomic recovery

Pan¹,

Kerns²,

Lin³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…In the United States, more than 165,000 surgical procedures have been performed for stress UI [2]. In Australia alone, the total annual cost of UI was estimated to be USD 710.44 million in 1998 and is projected to be USD 1.27 billion by the year 2018 [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quality of life of women with UI is significantly worse than that of women without it. It has been reported that UI affects 40% of women in the United States [2]. China is a developing country and is becoming an aging society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Related Factors of Urinary Incontinence among Hebei Women of China

Liu

Xie³

et al. 2011

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and related factors of different types of urinary incontinence (UI) among Hebei women in China. Methods: A total of 2,500 women aged 20 years or more were sampled and interviewed face-to-face by well-trained interviewers. Results: Among these women, 35.2% (862/2,448) had UI. The prevalence of stress, urge, and mixed UI was 26.4% (647/2,448), 1.9% (47/2,448), and 6.9% (168/2,448), respectively. In multivariable logistic regression, age, constipation, pelvic organ prolapse, number of abortions, and cesarean sections were associated with both stress and mixed UI; body mass index, dysmenorrhea, vaginitis and cervicitis, fetal weight, and dystocia were associated with stress UI only; age of menarche and dystocia were associated with urge UI only, and living in a city or countryside, a history of pelvic operation, urinary infection, diseases of the respiratory system, heart disease, and alcohol consumption with mixed UI. Conclusions: UI is a highly prevalent condition among women in Hebei Province, PR China. Stress, urge, and mixed UI not only have some related factors in common but also have some different ones. Economic condition and a lack of UI-related knowledge are factors keeping patients from seeing a doctor.

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“…A variety of neurologic diseases can induce dysfunction of bladder outlet thereby altering the coordination between bladder and external urethral sphincter (EUS), which impedes urine outflow and compromise voiding efficiency (Cheng and de Groat, 2004). They can also damage the motor innervation of EUS resulting in loss of guarding function and urinary incontinence during storage phase (Hijaz et al, 2008). All of these disorders may lead to urological complications such as urinary retention, bladder hypertrophy, urinary infection, and deterioration of renal function.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Muscles Fibers and Their Types in the Female Rat Urethra: Cytoarchitecture and Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction

Lim

Wang

Tseng

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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An attempt to explore urethral cytoarchitecture including the distribution of smooth muscles and fast and slow striated muscles of adult female Sprague Dawley rat-a popular model in studying lower urinary tract function. Histological and immunohistochemical stainings were carried out to investigate the distribution of urethral muscle fibers and motor end plates. The urethral sphincter was furthermore three-dimensionally reconstructed from serial histological sections. The mucosa at the distal urethra was significantly thicker than that of other segments. A prominent inner longitudinal and outer circular layer of smooth muscles covered the proximal end of urethra. Thick circular smooth muscles of the bladder neck region (urethral portion) decreased significantly distalward and longitudinal smooth muscles became 2-to 3-fold thicker in the rest of the urethra. An additional layer of striated muscles appeared externally after neck region (urethra) and in association with motor end plates ran throughout the remaining urethra as the striated sphincter layer. Most striated muscles were fast fibers while relatively fewer slow fibers often concentrated at the periphery. A pair of extraneous striated muscles, resembling the human urethrovaginal sphincter muscles, connected both sides of mainly the distal vagina to the dorsal striated muscles in the wall of the middle urethra. The tension provided by this pair of muscles, and in conjunction with the striated sphincter of the urethral wall, was likely to function to suspend the middle urethra and facilitates its closure. CompreAbbreviations used: AChE 5 acetyl cholinesterase; EUS 5 external urethral sphincter; LUT 5 lower urinary tract; MHC 5 myosin heavy chain; PB 5 phosphate buffer; UVS 5 urethrovaginal sphincter.

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Animal Models of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence

Cited by 73 publications

References 59 publications

Dual simulated childbirth injury delays anatomic recovery

Dual simulated childbirth injury delays anatomic recovery

Prevalence and Related Factors of Urinary Incontinence among Hebei Women of China

The Distribution of Muscles Fibers and Their Types in the Female Rat Urethra: Cytoarchitecture and Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction

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