Animal Models of Exercise From Rodents to Pythons

Hastings, Margaret H.; Herrera, Jonathan J.; Guseh, James S.; Atlason, Bjarni; Houstis, Nicholas E.; Kadir, Azrul Abdul; Li, Haobo; Sheffield, Cedric; Singh, Anand Prakash; Roh, Jason D.; Day, Sharlene M.; Rosenzweig, Anthony

doi:10.1161/circresaha.122.320247

Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…Human walking and running activities may be modeled in rodents through experimental paradigms based on exposure to different kinds of voluntary and involuntary exercise, that can be scheduled to construct an acute or chronic model [ 74 ]. The exposure to voluntary aerobic activity is typically carried out by means of running wheels or an equivalent tool, such as an angled rotating running track [ 21 ].…”

Section: Land Activities: Walking and Running Effects On Cognitive Fu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking, Running, Swimming: An Analysis of the Effects of Land and Water Aerobic Exercises on Cognitive Functions and Neural Substrates

Serra

Petrosini

Mandolesi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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In the brain and cognitive reserves framework, aerobic exercise is considered as a protective lifestyle factor able to induce positive effects on both brain structure and function. However, specific aspects of such a beneficial effect still need to be completely clarified. To this aim, the present narrative review focused on the potential brain/cognitive/neural reserve–construction mechanisms triggered by different aerobic exercise types (land activities; such as walking or running; vs. water activities; such as swimming), by considering human and animal studies on healthy subjects over the entire lifespan. The literature search was conducted in PubMed database. The studies analyzed here indicated that all the considered kinds of activities exert a beneficial effect on cognitive/behavioral functions and on the underlying brain neurobiological processes. In particular, the main effects observed involve the cognitive domains of memory and executive functions. These effects appear related to structural and functional changes mainly involving the fronto-hippocampal axis. The present review supports the requirement of further studies that investigate more specifically and systematically the effects of each type of aerobic activity, as a basis to plan more effective and personalized interventions on individuals as well as prevention and healthy promotion policies for the general population.

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Section: Land Activities: Walking and Running Effects On Cognitive Fu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking, Running, Swimming: An Analysis of the Effects of Land and Water Aerobic Exercises on Cognitive Functions and Neural Substrates

Serra

Petrosini

Mandolesi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Forced treadmill training is the most commonly used modality in animal models of exercise (Poole et al., 2020), as it enables precise control of the workload, including the intensity and duration of exercise training. Both moderate intensity endurance training and high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) can be performed on a treadmill (Hastings et al., 2022). HIIT typically affords a greater magnitude of a training effect, with marked improvements in the measurement of peak oxygen consumption (pVO 2 ) achieved during graded exercise testing (GXT) (Hastings et al., 2022; Kemi et al., 2005; Ross et al., 2016; Wisloff et al., 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both moderate intensity endurance training and high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) can be performed on a treadmill (Hastings et al., 2022). HIIT typically affords a greater magnitude of a training effect, with marked improvements in the measurement of peak oxygen consumption (pVO 2 ) achieved during graded exercise testing (GXT) (Hastings et al., 2022; Kemi et al., 2005; Ross et al., 2016; Wisloff et al., 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development and refinement of animal models of exercise (Feng et al., 2019; Hastings et al., 2022; Poole et al., 2020) has allowed researchers to interrogate the physiologic response to exercise training and the molecular transducers of physiological conditioning (Hawley et al., 2014; Vega et al., 2017). Several modalities have been developed for exercise testing of mice, including voluntary (e.g., wheel running) and forced (e.g., swim and treadmill‐based training) paradigms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐intensity exercise training using a rotarod instrument (RotaHIIT) significantly improves exercise capacity in mice

Herrera,

McAllister,

Szczesniak

et al. 2024

Physiological Reports

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Voluntary or forced exercise training in mice is used to assess functional capacity as well as potential disease‐modifying effects of exercise over a range of cardiovascular disease phenotypes. Compared to voluntary wheel running, forced exercise training enables precise control of exercise workload and volume, and results in superior changes in cardiovascular performance. However, the use of a shock grid with treadmill‐based training is associated with stress and risk of injury, and declining compliance with longer periods of training time for many mouse strains. With these limitations in mind, we designed a novel, high‐intensity interval training modality (HIIT) for mice that is carried out on a rotarod. Abbreviated as RotaHIIT, this protocol establishes interval workload intensities that are not time or resource intensive, maintains excellent training compliance over time, and results in improved exercise capacity independent of sex when measured by treadmill graded exercise testing (GXT) and rotarod specific acceleration and endurance testing. This protocol may therefore be useful and easily implemented for a broad range of research investigations. As RotaHIIT training was not associated cardiac structural or functional changes, or changes in oxidative capacity in cardiac or skeletal muscle tissue, further studies will be needed to define the physiological adaptations and molecular transducers that are driving the training effect of this exercise modality.

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“…Many of the reviews touch on surgical or other interventions that can be used to induce pathophysiologically relevant stress that elicits more subtle cardiac abnormalities. In the last review, Hastings et al 20 discuss exercise as a physiological stress that can also elicit phenotypes not apparent at rest. They also discuss exercise training protocols that can serve to elucidate both the impact of specific interventions on cardiovascular adaptations to training and as a platform for discovery of pathways mediating the benefits of exercise.…”

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confidence: 99%