Animal models of drug addiction: Where do we go from here?

Olmstead, Mary C.

doi:10.1080/17470210500356308

Cited by 88 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 258 publications

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“…In rats, there is reasonable agreement between CPP and self-administration when comparing the ability of each to detect the rewarding effects of drugs (Bardo and Bevins, 2000) and the conditioned place preference paradigm may model cue-elicited conditioning which induces drug-taking behavior (Bardo et al, 1995). One criticism of the CPP paradigm is that while the preference for the drug-paired environment might be thought of as drug seeking, time in the drug-paired compartment provides no indication of how hard an animal will work to obtain a drug (Olmstead, 2006). Indeed, CPP and self-administration differ in their reinstatement of responses by a conditioned fear stimulus (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference in individual rats

Seymour

Wagner

2008

Brain Research

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Conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization are rodent behavioral models commonly used to investigate the actions of drugs of abuse. However, few studies have examined both paradigms in the same group of animals. We were interested in developing a combined protocol which successfully induced both conditioned place preference and sensitization simultaneously in cocainetreated Sprague Dawley rats in order to test the hypothesis that the magnitude of these two phenomena would be positively correlated. We used an open-field with a removable place preference insert to assess these measures independently. Cocaine-conditioned animals demonstrated a significant shift in preference for the drug-paired compartment and a sensitized locomotor response which was not observed in saline-conditioned animals challenged with cocaine. There was no significant relationship between locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference in individual animals. We further examined these results with respect to each rats' initial response to cocaine, response to a novel environment and central zone entries in an open-field. Locomotor sensitization demonstrated an inverse correlation with the initial cocaine response. In contrast, conditioned place preference demonstrated an inverse correlation with the centre response. These results demonstrate that the combination of the acute cocaine response and the centre response in a novel open field environment can be used to indicate the propensity of a given rat to exhibit either behavioral sensitization or conditioned place preference; however, it seems that sensitization and place preference are not necessarily co-expressed to a similar extent in the same individual animal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference in individual rats

Seymour

Wagner

2008

Brain Research

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“…Impulsivity is related to drug addiction by studies reporting that rats that are intolerant of reward delay subsequently acquire cocaine self-administration more rapidly and at lower doses (Perry et al, 2005) and also self-administer more alcohol (Poulos et al, 1995(Poulos et al, , 1998 than do delaytolerant rats (for review, see Olmstead, 2006). In addition, Lewis rats, as compared to Fischer rats, exhibit more intolerance to reward delay (Anderson and Woolverton, 2005) and more readily self-administer drugs of abuse, including cocaine (Kosten et al, 1997;Haile and Kosten, 2001), morphine (Ambrosio et al, 1995;Martin et al, 1999), and alcohol (Suzuki et al, 1988).…”

Section: Vulnerability To Impulsivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral characteristics and neurobiological substrates shared by Pavlovian sign-tracking and drug abuse

Tomie

Grimes

Pohorecky

2008

Brain Research Reviews

148

134

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Drug abuse researchers have noted striking similarities between behaviors elicited by Pavlovian signtracking procedures and prominent symptoms of drug abuse. In Pavlovian sign-tracking procedures, repeated paired presentations of a small object (conditioned stimulus, CS) with a reward (unconditioned stimulus, US) elicits a conditioned response (CR) that typically consists of approaching the CS, contacting the CS, and expressing consummatory responses at the CS. Signtracking CR performance is poorly controlled and exhibits spontaneous recovery and long-term retention, effects that resemble relapse. Sign-tracking resembles psychomotor activation, a syndrome of behavioral responses evoked by addictive drugs, and the effects of sign-tracking on corticosterone levels and activation of dopamine pathways resemble the neurobiological effects of abused drugs. Finally, the neurobiological profile of individuals susceptible to sign-tracking resembles the pathophysiological profile of vulnerability to drug abuse, and vulnerability to sign-tracking predicts vulnerability to impulsive responding and alcohol self-administration. Implications of sign-tracking for models of drug addiction are considered.

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“…Numerous studies have shown that addicts tend to be more impulsive than nonaddicts (see Acton, 2003;Bickel & Marsch, 2001;Iacono, Malone, & McGue, 2008;Monterosso & Ainslie, 2007;Olmstead, 2006;Verdejo-Garcia, Lawrence, & Clark, 2008). In much the same way that impulsivity seems characteristic of other types of addiction, a small number of studies suggest that impulsive behavior might also be characteristic of individuals who use the Internet to excess.…”

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confidence: 99%