Animal models for the study of hepatitis C virus infection and replication

MacArthur, Kristin L.; Wu, Catherine H.; Wu, George Y.

doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i23.2909

Cited by 13 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, efforts have been dedicated to understand the mutagenic events linked among others, to HBV integration (Zhang, 2012) and more importantly, to establish mouse models permissive to HBV and HCV infection and replication. Progress in mouse genetic manipulation and the valuable information gathered from studies performed in vitro and in the clinic have facilitated the development of chimeric models where immune‐deficient mice are grafted with human hepatocytes (reviewed in Chayama et al., 2011; MacArthur et al., 2012). A more recent highlight, stemming from the progress in gene manipulation, is the generation of a humanized mouse model that can be infected by HCV (Dorner et al., 2011).…”

Section: Conventional Mouse Models For Liver Cancer Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse models for liver cancer

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of primary liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related cell death in human and the fifth in women worldwide. The incidence of HCC is increasing despite progress in identifying risk factors, understanding disease etiology and developing anti-viral strategies. Therapeutic options are limited and survival after diagnosis is poor. Therefore, better preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic tools are urgently needed, in particular given the increased contribution from systemic metabolic disease to HCC incidence worldwide. In the last three decades, technological advances have facilitated the generation of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) to mimic the alterations frequently observed in human cancers or to conduct intervention studies and assess the relevance of candidate gene networks in tumor establishment, progression and maintenance. Because these studies allow molecular and cellular manipulations impossible to perform in patients, GEMMs have improved our understanding of this complex disease and represent a source of great potential for mechanism-based therapy development. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of HCC modeling in the mouse, highlighting successes, current challenges and future opportunities.

show abstract

Section: Conventional Mouse Models For Liver Cancer Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse models for liver cancer

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Advances in molecular phylogenetics have classified this diurnal species as one of the closest living relatives to primates (Adkins and Honeycutt, 1991; Liu et al, 2001; Murphy et al, 2001; Janecka et al, 2007). While tree shrews have been established as models for research in depression, myopia, and hepatitis C infection (for reviews see Fuchs, 2005; Norton, 1990; MacArthur et al, 2012, respectively), very few studies have investigated their brain anatomy (Mijnster et al, 1999; Rice et al, 2011). In the interest of studying human striatal disorders, the tree shrew striatum exhibits the complex anatomy that is lacking in the rodent striatum: the separation of the caudate and putamen via the internal capsule.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural localization of tyrosine hydroxylase in tree shrew nucleus accumbens core and shell

McCollum

Roberts

2014

Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many behavioral, physiological, and anatomical studies utilize animal models to investigate human striatal pathologies. Although commonly used, rodent striatum may not present the optimal animal model for certain studies due to a lesser morphological complexity than that of non-human primates, which are increasingly restricted in research. As an alternative, the tree shrew could provide a beneficial animal model for studies of the striatum. The gross morphology of the tree shrew striatum resembles that of primates, with separation of the caudate and putamen by the internal capsule. The neurochemical anatomy of the ventral striatum, specifically the nucleus accumbens, has never been examined. This major region of the limbic system plays a role in normal physiological functioning and is also an area of interest for human striatal disorders. The current study uses immunohistochemistry of calbindin and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to determine the ultrastructural organization of the nucleus accumbens core and shell of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis belangeri). Stereology was used to quantify the ultrastructural localization of TH, which displays weaker immunoreactivity in the core and denser immunoreactivity in the shell. In both regions, synapses with TH-immunoreactive axon terminals were primarily symmetric and showed no preference for targeting dendrites versus dendritic spines. The results were compared to previous ultrastructural studies of TH and dopamine in rat and monkey nucleus accumbens. Tree shrew and monkey show no preference for the postsynaptic target in the shell, in contrast to rats which show a preference for synapsing with dendrites. Tree shrews have a ratio of asymmetric to symmetric synapses formed by TH-immunoreactive terminals that is intermediate between rats and monkey. The findings from this study support the tree shrew as an alternative model for studies of human striatal pathologies.

show abstract

“…A study in Georgia that defined early infection as detectable HCV RNA without anti‐HCV antibodies screened blood donors and drug users and identified 17 cases of early HCV infection; of these, four (23.5%) resolved spontaneously within 24 weeks . As HCV does not easily infect small mammals, most animal studies on HCV infection progression are limited to primates and suggest that 20% to 40% of infections may resolve spontaneously . The current study, with a relatively large sample, suggests that the SC rate was 9.6% at 16 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%