Animal models for osteoporosis

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in disuse osteoporosis

“…Although lots of models such as ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and disuse osteoporosis has been generated [13,39,40], disuse osteoporosis is selected in current study since the stimulus intensity and procedure of hindlimb suspension can be easy operated and quantified analysis for the development of osteoporosis. The tail-suspended animal model has been widely accepted as an effective disuse osteoporosis model for simulating bone loss [15,22,41].…”

“…Unloading in animals is often mimicked by tail suspension or sciatic neurectomy for quantitative evaluation of the progress of disuse osteoporosis [13,17,18]. But the mechanism underlying enhanced osteoclasts activity and impaired osteoblasts functions remains to be clarified.…”

“…The major types of osteoporosis in humans include postmenopausal osteoporosis, disuse osteoporosis, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis [13][14][15][16]. Unloading in animals is often mimicked by tail suspension or sciatic neurectomy for quantitative evaluation of the progress of disuse osteoporosis [13,17,18].…”

The many ways of osteoclast activation

“…Specifically, the authors used the well-described ovariectomy model in mice to produce estrogen deficiency, which mimics postmenopausal osteoporosis and enhances osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption rates (21). Compared with ovariectomized WT mice, ovariectomized MYC ΔΜ mice had considerably less bone loss.…”

Experimental studies of bone mechanoadaptation: bridging in vitro and in vivo studies with multiscale systems

“…For loading, murine ulnar and tibial models are used to induce bone gain, and strain values for whole bones in each of these have been characterized with strain gauges and finite-element (FE) modelling [50,51]. For unloading, tail suspension [52], limb immobilization and botox-induced muscle paralysis have all been shown to induce bone loss rsfs.royalsocietypublishing.org Interface Focus 6: 20150071 (reviewed in [53]). With all of these models, studies are often interfaced with high-resolution imaging such as micro-computed tomography (mCT) in order to monitor and quantify whole bone and microarchitectural changes, or coupled with histology to relate tissue-level protein expression and dynamic histomorphometric parameters to mechanical interventions.…”