Animal Modeling of Earthquakes and Prediction Markets

Abstract

Prediction markets have been shown to generate fairly accurate odds of various events occurring in the future. The forthcoming possibility of natural disasters provides, on occasion, an opportunity for a bet, yet no wide scale and accepted prediction market has arisen despite its obvious importance, probably due in part to its 'politically incorrect' nature, but more importantly to the fact that we have yet to develop accurate forecasting models. Animals, however, have been forced through natural selection to develop elaborate anticipatory mechanisms to predict possible upcoming calamites. Recent studies suggest that animals can, days and sometimes weeks in advance, predict the occurrence of earthquakes. A wealth of recent observations and laboratory studies corroborate this. Natural disasters have lead to the development of 'risk taking' behaviors when the 'odds' of an upcoming disaster outweigh the benefits of maintaining territory, mating, and other basic behaviors. For various historical reasons discussed in this review, this field has had trouble coming of age, with little funding and support from the scientific community. Due to the great odds at stake and the tremendous economic impact of earthquakes we wish to raise the awareness of this vital topic to the wider scientific community. We present a review of such animal predictive behavior and propose that an early “reading” of such models might lead to the development of a predictions market by humans."For five days before Helike disappeared all the mice and martens and snakes and centipedes and beetles and every other creature of that kind in the town left in a body by the road that leads to Keryneia. And the people of Helike seeing this happening were filled with amazement, but were unable to guess the reason. But after the aforesaid creatures had departed, an earthquake occurred in the night; the town collapsed; an immense wave poured over it, and Helike disappeared..."Aelian (373 BC)

Review: Can Animals Predict Earthquakes?

“…Many review articles were published about abnormal behavior of animals before earthquakes (Allen, 1976;Bhargava et al, 2009;Bhattacharyya, 2016;Fu and Weng, 2010;Harnett, 2012;Jiang, 1980;Kerr, 1980;Kirschvink, 2000;Lakshmi et al, 2014;Logan, 1977;Lowry, 1983;Reasenberg, 1978;Rikitake, 2001;Schaal, 1988;Schnytzer and Schnytzer, 2011;Tong, 1988;Tributsch, 1978bTributsch, , 1984Tributsch, , 2005Tributsch, , 2013a).…”