Animal Model of <i>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis</i> and <i>Heligmosomoides polygyrus</i>

Camberis, Mali; Gros, Graham Le; Urban, Joseph F.

doi:10.1002/0471142735.im1912s55

Cited by 225 publications

(305 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Nb is maintained by monthly passage in Lewis rats. Infective (iL3) worms were prepared from 2-week rat fecal cultures as originally described 48 . Larvae migrating to the lung (2 h after i.v.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larvae were separated from the tissue homogenate by sequential filtration through 100-mm cell strainer and 40-mm cell strainers. Viable larvae were recovered from tissue (lung or gut) by dicing wrapping in cheesecloth to form a bag and suspending at the surface of a 50-ml centrifuge tube containing PBS at 37°C for at least 2 h. Viable worms follow a thermal gradient and migrate out of the bag to collect at the bottom for counting 48 . Larvae present in the large airways were harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage, with 3 Â 1 ml of PBS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ILC2s and T cells cooperate to ensure maintenance of M2 macrophages for lung immunity against hookworms

et al. 2015

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Defining the immune mechanisms underlying protective immunity to helminth infection remains an important challenge. Here we report that lung CD4 þ T cells and Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) work in concert to block Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) development in the parenchyma within 48 h in mice. Immune-damaged larvae have a striking morphological defect that is dependent on the expansion of IL-13-producing ILC2 and CD4 þ T cells, and the activation of M2 macrophages. This T-cell requirement can be bypassed by administration of IL-2 or IL-33, resulting in expansion of IL-13-producing ILC2s and larval killing. Depletion of ILC2s inhibits larval killing in IL-2-treated mice. Our results broaden understanding of ILC2's role in immunity to helminths by demonstrating that they not only act as alarmin sensors, but can also be sustained by CD4 þ T cells, ensuring both the prompt activation and the maintenance of IL-13-dependent M2 macrophage immunity in the lung.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ILC2s and T cells cooperate to ensure maintenance of M2 macrophages for lung immunity against hookworms

et al. 2015

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“…In sharp contrast, numerous worms were found in Pou2f3 --/--mice ( Fig. 3a), not only in the most proximal part of the small intestine, their normal site of attachment 20 , but also in more distal locations. Importantly, more distally localised worms appeared healthy, and were mobile when transferred to culture medium.…”

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confidence: 90%

Intestinal epithelial tuft cells initiate type 2 mucosal immunity to helminth parasites

Gerbe

Sidot

Smyth

et al. 2016

Nature

722

876

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“…The charcoal and moss culture was autoclaved before use to ensure the elimination of nonparasite-associated bacteria. Eggs hatch and develop from L1 through third stage (L3) infective larvae within 1 wk (19). Mice were inoculated intracutaneously in the ear with a 10 l suspension of 500 L3 collected from cultures using a modified Baermann apparatus (19).…”

Section: Parasite Infection and Gr-1 Depletionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils Clear Bacteria Associated with Parasitic Nematodes Augmenting the Development of an Effective Th2-Type Response

Pesce

Liu

Hamed

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

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Infection with the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis induces a potent Th2 response; however, little is known about early stages of the innate response that may contribute to protective immunity. To examine early events in this response, chemokine expression in the draining lymph node was examined after N. brasiliensis inoculation. Pronounced increases of several chemokines, including CCL2, were observed. Compared with wild-type mice, elevations in a Gr-1bright population in the draining lymph node was significantly decreased in CCL2−/− mice after N. brasiliensis inoculation. Further flow cytometric and immunofluorescent analysis showed that in wild-type mice, Gr-1+ cells transiently entered and exited the draining lymph node shortly after N. brasiliensis inoculation. The Gr-1bright population was comprised of neutrophils expressing TGF-β and TNF-α. Following Gr-1+ cell depletion, N. brasiliensis infection resulted in transient, but significantly increased levels of IFN-γ, increased serum IgG2a, reduced Th2 cytokines and serum IgE, greatly increased mortality, and delayed worm expulsion. Furthermore, bacteria were readily detected in vital organs. Infection of Gr-1+ cell-depleted mice with N. brasiliensis larvae that were pretreated with antibiotics prevented bacterial dissemination, Th1 inflammatory responses, and decreases in host survival. This study indicates that parasitic nematodes can be an important vector of potentially harmful bacteria, which is typically controlled by CCL2-dependent neutrophils that ensure the optimal development of Th2 immune responses and parasite resistance.

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Animal Model of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus

Cited by 225 publications

References 56 publications

ILC2s and T cells cooperate to ensure maintenance of M2 macrophages for lung immunity against hookworms

ILC2s and T cells cooperate to ensure maintenance of M2 macrophages for lung immunity against hookworms

Intestinal epithelial tuft cells initiate type 2 mucosal immunity to helminth parasites

Neutrophils Clear Bacteria Associated with Parasitic Nematodes Augmenting the Development of an Effective Th2-Type Response

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