Animal Metabolism of Herbicides, Fate of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Sheep

Immunohistochemical and Histopathological Evaluation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid-Induced Changes in Rat Kidney Cortex

“…96% of an orally administered dose of radioactive labeled-2,4-D was recovered from the urine of a sheep within 24 h of ingestion (Clark et al 1964). A previous study evaluating tissue residues of some chlorophenoxy acids in sheep and cattle following oral doses has reported that chlorophenoxy acids and the related phenolic metabolites are found in muscle, fat, liver, and kidney tissues of sheep and cattle; with the highest residues in the kidney (Clark et al 1975).…”

Environmental Statement. Disposition of Orange Herbicide by Incineration

“…In the rat, the single dose, LD 50 ranges from about 250-270 mg/kg depending on the forms of the chemical administered (Christensen, 1971). Several workers have suggested that part of the reason for this lack of toxicity is that the excretion of the herbicides is very rapid in most mammals (Clark et al, 1964;Khanna and Fang, 1966). Most studies indicate that animals possessing highly developed renal function will rapidly eliminate 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T by active tubular secretion.…”

“…Erne, (1966) found that in the rat, rabbit, calf and chicken, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T had a biological half-life varying from three to twelve hours and that urinary excretion was the most c~mmon route of elimination. Diata exist to indicate that only very small amounts of 2,4-D are metabolized by the rabbit (Clark et al, 1964;Khanna and Fang, 1966). Berndt and Koschier (1973) studied thein vitro uptake of ?,4-D and 2,4,5-T by the renal cortical tissue of rabbits an -rats.…”

Disposition of Orange Herbicide by Incineration. Revised Draft Environmental Statement

“…Several workers have suggested that part of the reason for this lack of toxicity is that the excretion of the herbicides is very rapid in most mammals (Clark et al, 1964;Khanna and Fang, 1966).…”

“…Data exist to indicate that only very small amounts of 2,4-D are metabolized by the rabbit (Clark et al, 1964;Khanna and Fang, 1966). Berndt and Koschier (1973) studied the in vitro uptake of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T by the renal cortical tissue of rabbits and rats.…”