Animal Infections by Vaccinia-Like Viruses in the State of Rio De Janeiro: 1- Northwestern Region

Simonetti, Bruno R.; Abreu, D. C.; Simonetti, José Pascoal; Gonçalves, M. C.; Silva, M. E. V.; Barth, Ortrud Monika; Schatzmayr, Hermann G.

doi:10.17525/vrr.v12i1-2.10

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As the disease is transmitted horizontally by direct contact, mainly cows and calves were the most affected categories. Lesions occurred on the teats and oral mucosa of the cows and muzzle region of lactating calves, as also occurred in other outbreaks of the disease (DONATELE et al, 2007;SIMONETTI et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Bovine Vaccinia in dairy cattle and suspicion of vesicular disease on milkers in Brazil

Silva¹,

Lima²,

Castro

et al. 2018

Cienc. Rural

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Bovine vaccinia (BV) is a vesicular disease induced by the Vaccinia virus (VACV) that affects milk production and is an occupational zoonosis. This research had the following objectives: (i) detection of VACV by qPCR in cattle with clinical suspicion of vesicular disease; (ii) symptoms characterization in animals and milkers with clinical suspicion of the disease and virus detection in humans; and (iii) identification of risk factors for infections of VACV in herds from several Brazilian states. A total of 471 bovine epithelial samples from dairy farms, in 15 Brazilian states, were evaluated between 2007 and 2012. The samples were tested by quantitative PCR (qPCR) using SYBR Green® reagents, validated with a lower limit of detection of 100TCID50/50µL (1.7x100 viral particles), and 45.1% of VACV positive samples were detected. Using official forms for epidemiological investigation (FORM-IN), the risk factors for VACV infections in cattle were determined to be farms with a lack of technological facilities (P= 0.029) and the presence of rodents (P= 0.001). There was an effect of seasonality in cattle with a higher occurrence of BV during the dry season. A total of 420 epidemiological questionnaires were applied at public health care centers, where 100% of the milkers had vesicular lesions on their hands (98.1%) and on their arms (6.9%). The most frequent clinical symptoms in humans were: local swelling (74.2%), headache (20.7%), fever (10.4%) and inguinal lymphadenopathy (74.2%). Only 19.98% of milkers aged between 39 and 58 years were seroreactive to VACV and were immunized with the human anti-smallpox vaccine. There was an increase in the frequency of BV in older individuals due to their natural decrease in specific immunity. It has been shown that the implementation of zootechnical management techniques and health planning are important for the prevention of BV in animals and humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Bovine Vaccinia in dairy cattle and suspicion of vesicular disease on milkers in Brazil

Silva¹,

Lima²,

Castro

et al. 2018

Cienc. Rural

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“…The occurrence of VACV circulation among wild animals was supported by viral isolations in the 1960s and 1970s [22] – [24] and by recent serological studies that showed a high prevalence of anti-OPV immunoglobulins from mammalians in Brazilian wildlife, including rodents, macaques, grey-foxes and coatis [25] , [26] . As mentioned, some BV outbreaks were temporally and spatially distant from other outbreaks, in areas with little or no pecuary activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, at least three different VACV strains were isolated in Brazilian forests in the past, away from rural environments: Cotia virus (CTV)/SPAn 232 virus (SAV) was isolated from sentinel mice in São Paulo state [22] , [23] ; and BeAn 58058 virus (BAV) was isolated from the blood of an Amazon rodent specimen belonging to the Oryzomys genus [24] . Serological studies using sera from wild animals captured in the Brazilian Cerrado (a savanna-like environment) and animals from the Amazon biome have revealed a high prevalence of OPV-seropositive mammalians [25] , [26] . Despite all the speculation about VACV circulation in Brazilian forests, the link between wildlife and BV outbreaks has not yet been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One More Piece in the VACV Ecological Puzzle: Could Peridomestic Rodents Be the Link between Wildlife and Bovine Vaccinia Outbreaks in Brazil?

et al. 2009

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BackgroundDespite the fact that smallpox eradication was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1980, other poxviruses have emerged and re-emerged, with significant public health and economic impacts. Vaccinia virus (VACV), a poxvirus used during the WHO smallpox vaccination campaign, has been involved in zoonotic infections in Brazilian rural areas (Bovine Vaccinia outbreaks – BV), affecting dairy cattle and milkers. Little is known about VACV's natural hosts and its epidemiological and ecological characteristics. Although VACV was isolated and/or serologically detected in Brazilian wild animals, the link between wildlife and farms has not yet been elucidated.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn this study, we describe for the first time, to our knowledge, the isolation of a VACV (Mariana virus - MARV) from a mouse during a BV outbreak. Genetic data, in association with biological assays, showed that this isolate was the same etiological agent causing exanthematic lesions observed in the cattle and human inhabitants of a particular BV-affected area. Phylogenetic analysis grouped MARV with other VACV isolated during BV outbreaks.Conclusion/SignificanceThese data provide new biological and epidemiological information on VACV and lead to an interesting question: could peridomestic rodents be the link between wildlife and BV outbreaks?

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“…Many farms in the state involved in milk production are family enterprises, have a limited numbers of animals and less than optimal hygienic conditions (Simonetti et al 2007). Gloves could avoid this contact but they are not usually used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvar Infection and Possible Human-to-Human Transmission of Bovine Poxvirus Disease

Batista¹,

Scremin²,

Aguiar³

et al. 2009

VR&R

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In a dairy cattle farm, father and son developed successively a vesicopustular infection, with lesions in the hands and wrists, after contact with cows with vesicular lesions on the udder. After sexual contact with her husband, the mother showed a severe vesicular vulvar infection, which healed in about three weeks, leaving no scars. All family members showed high levels of antibodies in a plaque reduction neutralization test, using as antigen a locally isolated poxvirus strain, identified as a vaccinia-like virus by sequencing techniques. These data reconfirm that vaccinia-like viruses are circulating in Brazil and that person-to-person transmission may occur, without any relation to vaccinations against smallpox.

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Animal Infections by Vaccinia-Like Viruses in the State of Rio De Janeiro: 1- Northwestern Region

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Bovine Vaccinia in dairy cattle and suspicion of vesicular disease on milkers in Brazil

[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Bovine Vaccinia in dairy cattle and suspicion of vesicular disease on milkers in Brazil

One More Piece in the VACV Ecological Puzzle: Could Peridomestic Rodents Be the Link between Wildlife and Bovine Vaccinia Outbreaks in Brazil?

Vulvar Infection and Possible Human-to-Human Transmission of Bovine Poxvirus Disease

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