Animal infection models using non‐mammals

Kaito, Chikara; Murakami, Kanade; Imai, Lina; Furuta, Kazuyuki

doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12834

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The results support that the silkworm infection model is useful for the evaluation of antibacterial drugs against systemic infection by C. acnes . Silkworm infection models are useful for identifying virulence factors of pathogenic microorganisms [ 13 , 15 ]. Further studies are needed to determine which factors in C. acnes are responsible for the pathogenicity against silkworms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silkworms are useful animals for assessing host–pathogen interactions in systemic infections and for evaluating the therapeutic effects of antimicrobial drugs [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Because silkworms also have advantageous features, such as easy rearing in large numbers in a small space with few ethical issues, experiments with large numbers of silkworms can be performed [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Antibacterial Drugs Using Silkworms Infected by Cutibacterium acnes

Matsumoto

Tateyama

Sugita

2021

Insects

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Cutibacterium acnes is a causative agent of inflammatory skin diseases and systemic infections. Systemic infections caused by C. acnes are difficult to treat, and the development of a systemic infection model for C. acnes would be useful for elucidating the mechanisms of infection and searching for therapeutic agents. In this study, we established a silkworm infection model as a new experimental system to evaluate the interaction between C. acnes and the host, and the efficacy of antibacterial drugs. Silkworms infected with C. acnes died when reared at 37 °C. The dose of injected bacterial cells required to kill half of the silkworms (LD50) was determined under rearing conditions at 37 °C. The viable cell number of C. acnes was increased in the hemolymph and fat body of the infected silkworms. Silkworms injected with autoclaved C. acnes cells did not die during the study period. The survival time of silkworms injected with C. acnes was prolonged by the injection of antibacterial drugs such as tetracycline and clindamycin. These findings suggest that the silkworm C. acnes infection model can be used to evaluate host toxicity caused by C. acnes and the in vivo efficacy of antimicrobial drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antibacterial Drugs Using Silkworms Infected by Cutibacterium acnes

Matsumoto

Tateyama

Sugita

2021

Insects

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“…This could be due to several reasons. Firstly, there is the financial aspect; compared to invertebrates, zebrafish come along with higher costs for housing and husbandry, yet these costs are still much lower than with higher animals [ 18 ]. In addition, some injection techniques required for the infection of zebrafish are quite laborious and, depending on the purpose of the study, it might be more convenient to choose a less complex model organism.…”

Section: Non-mammalian Models In Pharmaceutical Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish: An Attractive Model to Study Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Its Use as a Drug Discovery Tool

et al. 2021

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Non-mammalian in vivo disease models are particularly popular in early drug discovery. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an attractive vertebrate model, the success of which is driven by several advantages, such as the optical transparency of larvae, the small and completely sequenced genome, the small size of embryos and larvae enabling high-throughput screening, and low costs. In this review, we highlight zebrafish models of Staphyloccoccus aureus infection, which are used in drug discovery and for studying disease pathogenesis and virulence. Further, these infection models are discussed in the context of other relevant zebrafish models for pharmacological and toxicological studies as part of early drug profiling. In addition, we examine key differences to commonly applied models of S. aureus infection based on invertebrate organisms, and we compare their frequency of use in academic research covering the period of January 2011 to January 2021.

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“…Novel virulence genes in the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus were identi ed using a silkworm infection model and a library of gene-de cient strains 20,21 . Silkworm infection models have also been used to identify virulence genes of the pathogenic fungi C. albicans and Candida glabrata [22][23][24] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Efficient Gene-targeting System for Elucidating Infection Mechanisms of the Fungal Pathogen Trichosporon Asahii

Matsumoto

Nagamachi

Yoshikawa

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Trichosporon asahii is a pathogenic fungus that causes severe, deep-seated fungal infections in neutropenic patients. Elucidating the infection mechanisms of T. asahii based on genetic studies requires a specific gene-targeting system. Here, we established an efficient gene-targeting system in a highly pathogenic T. asahii strain identified using the silkworm infection model. By comparing the pathogenicity of T. asahii clinical isolates in a silkworm infection model, T. asahii MPU129 was identified as a highly pathogenic strain. Using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer system, we obtained a T. asahii MPU129 mutant lacking the ku70 gene, which encodes the Ku70 protein involved in the non-homologous end-joining repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The ku70 gene-deficient mutant showed higher gene-targeting efficiency than the wild-type strain for constructing a mutant lacking the cnb1 gene, which encodes the beta-subunit of calcineurin. The cnb1 gene-deficient mutant showed reduced pathogenicity against silkworms compared with the parental strain. These results suggest that an efficient gene-targeting system in a highly pathogenic T. asahii strain is a useful tool for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of T. asahii infection.

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Animal infection models using non‐mammals

Cited by 50 publications

References 78 publications

Evaluation of Antibacterial Drugs Using Silkworms Infected by Cutibacterium acnes

Evaluation of Antibacterial Drugs Using Silkworms Infected by Cutibacterium acnes

Zebrafish: An Attractive Model to Study Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Its Use as a Drug Discovery Tool

Development of an Efficient Gene-targeting System for Elucidating Infection Mechanisms of the Fungal Pathogen Trichosporon Asahii

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