Animal hypnosis.

Gilman, Thelma T.; Marcuse, F. L.

doi:10.1037/h0060434

Cited by 67 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Arguing against the notion that immobility may inhibit aggression, Gilman and Marcuse (1949) maintained that for such an adaptive advantage to be conferred, the captured animal would have to recognize the opportunity for escape when it came. However, such a teleology need not be imposed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defensive distance and immobility in young precocial birds (Gallus gallus)

Ginsburg

1975

Developmental Psychobiology

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The manifestation and duration of the tonic immobility reaction in 3-day-old chicks (Gallus gallus) was found to vary reliably as a function of the spatial proximity between the hand of the experimenter and the immobilized chick. The results of this experiment indicate that young birds are susceptible to immobility and that the maintenance of close spatial proximity is the condition necessary for the occurrence of the reaction in young precocial birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defensive distance and immobility in young precocial birds (Gallus gallus)

Ginsburg

1975

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…The methods for inducing animal hypnosis are classified into four prin cipal categories: repetitive stimuli, pressure on parts of the body, inversion and restraint from movement (8). Of these, inversion and pressure on parts of the body were employed in the present experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commonly Responsive Neurons in the Periaqueductal Gray Matter and Midbrain Reticular Formation of Rabbits to Acupuncture Stimulation, Inversion, Pressure on Body Parts and Morphine

Takeshige¹,

Kamada²,

Hisamitsu³

1981

acupunct electrother res

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Unit discharges of 170 neurons were recorded with micro-elec trodes from the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the midbrain reticular formation (MRF) in unanesthetized rabbits. In order to obtain the efferent neuronal activity, neurons were selected not to respond to noxious or external stimuli.The changes in unit discharge induced by acupuncture stimula tion, inversion, ear pinching and morphine (10 mg/kg i.p. or i.V.) were an increase of 37/115(32%) or a decrease of 78/115(68%) of the spontaneous firing rates.In 72% of the neurons that responded to two or three of the above procedures, the changes were induced in the same neuron in the same direction, while the pattern of firing changes was somewhat different with each procedure. Latent periods and after-effect were prominent in acupuncture stimulation.Naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) completely antagonized the changes in firing rates induced by acupuncture stimulation and morphine.In the PAG, these neurons with higher amplitude impulse were found mainly at the ventral region, which was deduced to be the area of origin of the descending pain inhibitory system. The data indicated that analgesia caused by acupuncture stimula tion and induction methods, such as inversion and ear pinching, to cause animal hypnosis might be mediated by the descending pain inhibi tory system. Key Words: Unanesthetized rabbit, unit discharge, periaqueductal central gray (PAG), midbrain reticular formation (MRF), animal hyp nosis, inversion, pinching ear, acupuncture stimulation, morphine, latent period, after-effect, descending pain inhibitory system. ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie eiheite neuronishe Ausladungen von 170 Neuronen wurden aufgezeich-NEURONAL RESPONSES TO ACUPUNCTURE 59 Mots-clés: décharge unitaire, PAG, MRF, hypnose animale, stimulation par 1'acupuncture, mécanisme inhibiteur descendant de la douleur, lapin non-anesthésié, inversion, pince d'oreille, morphine, période latente effet ultérieur.

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“…The reflex, however, was well-known to the pharaohs (Exodus VII:9-12) when handling the false cobra (Malpolon moilensis). Certain postures, restraints, and rhythmic stimulation inducing immobility have led psychologists and others to use the term ''animal hypnosis'' to describe the state where animals display reduced sensitivity to light, sound, and touch (Gilman & Marcuse 1949;Volgyesi 1966;Carli 1977;Henningson 1994;Leite-Panissi & Menescal-de-Oliviera 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish hypnosis: Induction of an atonic immobility reflex

Wells¹,

McNeil²,

Macdonald³

2005

Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology

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An immobility reflex may be induced in fish by a vigorous flow of water through the branchial chamber. The reflex was observed in 22 species representing bony and cartilaginous fishes from diverse habitats, and was invariably characterised by loss of caudal muscle tone and limp posture. The immobilised state may be maintained for many hours, and revival is instantaneous. The critical flow rate for induction increases with increasing body size in the snapper, Pagrus auratus, and heart rate falls below the resting rate. In addition, haematological parameters, and plasma lactate after 6 h were typical of resting fish. Although the mechanism is unclear, and the selective advantage for the fish unknown, pressure-sensitive receptors in the branchial chamber are likely to be involved. Application in live fish transport, and recovery from handling and exercise stressors is suggested.

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Animal hypnosis.

Cited by 67 publications

References 14 publications

Defensive distance and immobility in young precocial birds (Gallus gallus)

Defensive distance and immobility in young precocial birds (Gallus gallus)

Commonly Responsive Neurons in the Periaqueductal Gray Matter and Midbrain Reticular Formation of Rabbits to Acupuncture Stimulation, Inversion, Pressure on Body Parts and Morphine

Fish hypnosis: Induction of an atonic immobility reflex

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