Animal Fat Consumption and Prostate Cancer

Marchand, Loı̈c Le; Kolonel, Laurence N.; Wilkens, Lynne R.; Myers, Beth C.; Hirohata, Tomio

doi:10.1097/00001648-199405000-00004

Cited by 308 publications

(204 citation statements)

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“…Our finding that total meat or red meat intake is not associated with prostate cancer risk is consistent with most previous prospective studies (Snowdon, 1988;Mills et al, 1989;Hsing et al, 1990;Chan et al, 2000;Allen et al, 2004;Cross et al, 2005;Rohrmann et al, 2007), although some found positive associations with red meat (Michaud et al, 2001), hamburgers (Veierod et al, 1997), beef (Le Marchand et al, 1994) or cooked processed meat for either total or advanced prostate cancer. For fish, our results, which are based on a wide range of intake, provide no evidence that intake is associated with risk, and is consistent with most previous studies (Severson et al, 1989;Hsing et al, 1990;Le Marchand et al, 1994;Gronberg et al, 1996;Schuurman et al, 1999), although some have reported a negative (Terry et al, 2001;Augustsson et al, 2003) or positive association (Mills et al, 1989;Allen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For fish, our results, which are based on a wide range of intake, provide no evidence that intake is associated with risk, and is consistent with most previous studies (Severson et al, 1989;Hsing et al, 1990;Le Marchand et al, 1994;Gronberg et al, 1996;Schuurman et al, 1999), although some have reported a negative (Terry et al, 2001;Augustsson et al, 2003) or positive association (Mills et al, 1989;Allen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Animal foods, protein, calcium and prostate cancer risk: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

et al. 2008

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We examined consumption of animal foods, protein and calcium in relation to risk of prostate cancer among 142 251 men in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Associations were examined using Cox regression, stratified by recruitment centre and adjusted for height, weight, education, marital status and energy intake. After an average of 8.7 years of follow-up, there were 2727 incident cases of prostate cancer, of which 1131 were known to be localised and 541 advanced-stage disease. A high intake of dairy protein was associated with an increased risk, with a hazard ratio for the top versus the bottom fifth of intake of 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07 -1.41, P trend ¼ 0.02). After calibration to allow for measurement error, we estimated that a 35-g day À1 increase in consumption of dairy protein was associated with an increase in the risk of prostate cancer of 32% (95% CI: 1 -72%, P trend ¼ 0.04). Calcium from dairy products was also positively associated with risk, but not calcium from other foods. The results support the hypothesis that a high intake of protein or calcium from dairy products may increase the risk for prostate cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Animal foods, protein, calcium and prostate cancer risk: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

et al. 2008

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“…[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] According to a recent review article by Kolonel et al, 30 however, although early epidemiologic studies implicated dietary fat as a likely causal factor for this cancer, scientific support for such an association has [31][32][33][34][35][36] Soya is a major source of the isoflavonoids, daidzein and genistein. 33 According to Griffiths et al, 34 a Japanese male consumes approximately 20 mg of isoflavones per day, whereas Western men consume less than 1 mg/day.…”

Section: Prostatic Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices

Ganmaa

Wang

et al. 2001

Intl Journal of Cancer

113

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The incidence and mortality rates of testicular and prostatic cancers in 42 countries were correlated with the dietary practices in these countries using the cancer rates (1988 -92) provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the food supply data (1961-90) provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Among the food items we examined, cheese was most closely correlated with the incidence of testicular cancer at ages 20 -39, followed by animal fats and milk. The correlation coefficient (r) was highest (r ‫؍‬ 0.804) when calculated for cheese consumed during the period 1961-65 (maternal or prepubertal consumption). Stepwise-multiple-regression analysis revealed that milk ؉ cheese (1961-65) made a significant contribution to the incidence of testicular cancer (standardized regression coefficient [R] ‫؍‬ 0.654). Concerning prostatic cancer, milk (1961-90) was most closely correlated (r ‫؍‬ 0.711) with its incidence, followed by meat and coffee. Stepwise-multipleregression analysis identified milk ؉ cheese as a factor contributing to the incidence of prostatic cancer (R ‫؍‬ 0.525). The food that was most closely correlated with the mortality rate of prostatic cancer was milk (r ‫؍‬ 0.766), followed by coffee, cheese and animal fats. Stepwise-multiple-regression analysis revealed that milk ؉ cheese was a factor contributing to mortality from prostatic cancer (R ‫؍‬ 0.580). The results of our study suggest a role of milk and dairy products in the development and growth of testicular and prostatic cancers. The close correlation between cheese and testicular cancer and between milk and prostatic cancer suggests that further mechanistic studies should be undertaken concerning the development of male genital organ cancers. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: testicular cancer; prostatic cancer; dietary practices; milk; cheeseJapanese lifestyle underwent drastic changes after the end of the Pacific War (1945). Most conspicuous was the change in dietary practices. The intake of milk and dairy products, meat and eggs increased 20-, 9-and 7-fold, respectively, during the 48 years between 1950 and 1998. It has been observed that in Japanese males born before 1945, death from testicular cancer peaked in their thirties or forties, whereas in those born after 1946, the peak was in their twenties (a birth cohort effect). From these observations, Ganmaa et al. 1 presumed that the development of testicular cancer in Japanese men is related to the dietary practices of Japanese boys at the time of puberty or earlier.The age-adjusted death rate of prostatic cancer has risen 25-fold almost linearly during the last 48 years from 1947-95, with no birth cohort effect on the death rate. From this, Ganmaa et al. 1 also presumed that the increased death from this cancer relates to an accumulation of the effects of dietary factors throughout life.The incidence of testicular cancer in western countries has steadily risen in the past 40 or 50 years. 2-4 Prostatic cancer is the most common cancer among men in...

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“…Height has been positively associated with prostate cancer in several cohort studies, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] with effect estimates ranging 1.14-1.80. It has been suggested that height and prostate cancer are associated because prostate development starts at the same age as adolescent growth in height.…”

Section: Dear Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re: “Obesity and hormone‐dependent tumors: cohort and co‐twin control studies based on the Swedish twin registry”

Rohrmann¹,

Fallin²,

Page³

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Dear Sir,Jonsson et al. 1 analyzed the association of prostate cancer with height in a cohort of 8,998 male twins. In this cohort, in which 331 prostate cancer cases occurred, height was not associated with risk of prostate cancer. We examined the association of body height with prostate cancer incidence in a cohort of U.S. twins. The National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC) Twin Registry is a national populationbased twin registry in the United States that includes 15,924 white male twin pairs born in the years 1917-1927, both of whom served in the armed forces. 2 Zygosity of these twins was determined by questionnaires, eye and hair color, fingerprints, anthropometrics and, if possible, blood type. 3 In 1972, men in this twin registry received a questionnaire in which they were asked about information on anthropometrics: 27,502 twins were mailed the questionnaire, and 83.9% sent it back. 4 In our analysis, we included 9,922 men (4,961 twin pairs), among which 430 prostate cancer cases had occurred. Prostate cancer cases were ascertained up to 1994 by questionnaire, telephone screening interview, mortality records and computerized inpatient records of Medicare and the Department of Veteran Affairs. 5 We used generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to calculate age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of having prostate cancer in taller compared to shorter men separately by zygosity and adjusted for zygosity overall.We observed statistically significantly higher odds of prostate cancer in taller men compared to shorter men [fourth quartile (>1.80 m) compared to first quartile (<1.72 m) OR 5 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-2.03; p trend 5 0.02]. Similar, although not statistically significant, associations were seen in monozygotic (OR 5 1.54, 95% CI 0.95-2.49; p trend 5 0.06) and dizygotic (OR 5 1.35, 95% CI 0.85-2.14; p trend 5 0.20) twins. In the analysis, we took into account correlated individuals. When we performed a matched analysis for monozygotic twin pairs who were discordant for prostate cancer, to directly take into account shared genetics, the results were similar to those of the GEE analysis (data not shown).Height has been positively associated with prostate cancer in several cohort studies, 6-13 with effect estimates ranging 1.14-1.80. It has been suggested that height and prostate cancer are associated because prostate development starts at the same age as adolescent growth in height. Men who are exposed to higher levels of testosterone and growth-promoting factors, such as IGF-I, are taller and might have a higher risk of prostate cancer because these same factors stimulate prostatic epithelial cell division.Yours sincerely,

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Animal Fat Consumption and Prostate Cancer

Cited by 308 publications

References 0 publications

Animal foods, protein, calcium and prostate cancer risk: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Animal foods, protein, calcium and prostate cancer risk: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices

Re: “Obesity and hormone‐dependent tumors: cohort and co‐twin control studies based on the Swedish twin registry”

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