Animal Fat as a Substrate for Production of n-6 Fatty Acids by Fungal Solid-State Fermentation

Abstract

The method of solid-state fermentation (SSF) represents a powerful technology for the fortification of animal-based by-products. Oleaginous Zygomycetes fungi are efficient microbial cell factories used in SSF to valorize a wide range of waste and rest cereal materials. The application of this fermentation technique for utilization and biotransformation of animal-based materials represents a distinguished step in their treatment. In this study, for the first time, the strain Umbelopsis isabellina CCF2412 was used for the bioconversion of animal fat by-products to the fermented bioproducts enriched with n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly γ-linolenic acid (GLA). Bioconversion of both cereals and the animal fat by-product resulted in the production of fermented bioproducts enriched with not just GLA (maximal yield was 6.4 mg GLA/g of fermented bioproduct), but also with high yields of glucosamine. Moreover, the fermentation on the cornmeal matrix led to obtaining bioproduct enriched with β-carotene. An increased amount of β-carotene content improved the antioxidant stability of obtained fermented bioproducts. Furthermore, the application of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for rapid analysis and characterization of the biochemical profile of obtained SSF bioproducts was also studied.

Multiscale spectroscopic analysis of lipids in dimorphic and oleaginous Mucor circinelloides accommodate sustainable targeted lipid production

“…ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, in turn, is more appropriate for monitoring sample dynamics over time, as well as for examining composition of fungal cell wall and cell membrane. HTS-FTIR experiments, as the name suggests, permit large-scale screening to estimate best lipid producers among a high number of fungal strains and cultivation conditions, and optimize lipid production processes [ 1 , 6 , 15 , 23 , 24 , 39 , 40 ]. ATR-FTIR measurements are performed for one sample at a time and require washing of the ATR surface after each measurement.…”

“…In order to produce fungal biomass with a targeted lipid composition, there is a need for a better understanding of the homogeneity and/or heterogeneity between and within the lipid droplets, its consistency and flexibility [ 40 ]. One of the main reasons for the current knowledge gap is the absence of analytical techniques to perform nanoscale lipid analysis at a single lipid droplet level.…”

High production of jasmonic acid by Lasiodiplodia iranensis using solid‐state fermentation: Optimization and understanding

“…[22] In addition, SSF is used to enhance the nutraceutical content of agrifood byproducts [23] and to produce fermented products rich in arachidonic acid or γ-linolenic acid from animal fat by-products. [24,25] Fila-mentous fungi have been exploited mostly for production of microbial secondary metabolites via SSF. [26] Specifically, SSF of filamentous fungi provides adhesion sites for cells and has many other advantages such as low energy consumption, simple process operation, low amounts of wastewater, and microorganism growth in near-natural conditions.…”

Enhancing Red Yeast Biomass Yield and Lipid Biosynthesis by Using Waste Nitrogen Source by Glucose Fed-Batch at Low Temperature

“…However, ex novo lipid synthesis requires low-cost hydrophobic substrates derived from the fishery industry, olives production [17], as well as waste cooking oils [18]. In addition, wheat bran and cornmeal with animal fats addition were used recently in a solid-state state fermentation matrix for oleaginous fungi [19]. To increase the profitability of microbial lipids production, nonaseptic technologies have started to develop [17].…”