Animal Exploitation at Çayönü Tepesi̇, Southeastern Anatolia

Hongo, Hitomi; Meadow, Richard; Öksüz, Banu; Ilgezdi, Gülçin

doi:10.22520/tubaar.2004.0009

Cited by 30 publications

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“…All three systems also correspond closely to eruption and attritional patterns that form the basis of the age classes defined here. This is especially Table 6 Comparison of age classes in this study and those from earlier studies (Bull and Payne, 1982;Anezaki, 2009;Hongo and Meadow, 1998 Birth Birth dp 2 1.7e2.6 d (2 d) dp 2 2.1e3.4 d (2.7 d) 7e11 m >1 m dp 3 11e18 d (13.9 d) dp 3 23e33 d (27.5 d) 7e11 m >1 m dp true for the finely drawn early age classes in our Specific scheme and the almost identical correspondence between the Simplified-A system and the system presented by Hongo and Meadow. The Hongo and Meadow system, however, does not correspond in all cases to the specific eruption and wear stages that define the seven age classes in the Simplified-A system proposed here (Table 3a).…”

Section: Specificmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Simplified-A Simplified- B 1 A I 2 B 3 4 C 5 D I I 6 E 7 8 F III 9 10 G IV the schedule of tooth eruption in diverse populations of European, Turkish, and Japanese wild boar (Anezaki, 2009;Briedermann, 1965;Bull and Payne, 1982;Hongo and Meadow, 1998;Magnell, 2002;Matschke, 1967). Although a strong correlation between age and dental attrition has been demonstrated (Magnell, 2002), there is little data that links various stages of tooth attrition to specific ages.…”

Section: Specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sequence and rates of both long-bone fusion and dental eruption and attrition have been used successfully to reconstruct such age profiles at archaeological sites (Ervynck, 1997;Ervynck et al 2001;Fandén, 2005;Hongo and Meadow, 1998;Hole et al 1969;Magnell, 2005;Payne, 1973;Rolett and Chiu, 1994;Zeder, 2006a,b). For domestic caprines (Greenfield and Arnold, 2008;Zeder, 2006c) and gazelle (Munro et al 2009) there has been significant success in calibrating both fusion and dental techniques, establishing age classes with meaningful and useful definitions that can be applied to archaeological assemblages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…remains, and a quick inspection of the literature reveals a healthy amount of work towards establishing similarly useful methods for constructing demographic profiles in this important species, especially methods focusing on dental criteria (Anezaki, 2009;Bull and Payne, 1982;Carter and Magnell, 2007;Grant, 1982;Hongo and Meadow, 1998;Magnell, 2002;Matschke, 1967;Rolett and Chiu, 1994). The problem with these studies is not that the existing body of work is insubstantial or unreasonable, but rather how little these studies agree with one another, and how often they fail to provide an adaptable method that can be confidently reproduced with diverse assemblages from widely differing cultural contexts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“…Regional contrasts in the early PPN testify to the volatile and locally variable nature of "neolithization" across the Middle East (1,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Only later in the PPN were certain staple animal foods truly domesticated, some in energetically powerful combinations with plants that would fuel the expansion of Neolithic systems into other world regions.…”

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A forager–herder trade-off, from broad-spectrum hunting to sheep management at Aşıklı Höyük, Turkey

Stiner

Buitenhuis²,

Duru

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

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Aş ıklı Höyük is the earliest known preceramic Neolithic mound site in Central Anatolia. The oldest Levels, 4 and 5, spanning 8,200 to approximately 9,000 cal B.C., associate with round-house architecture and arguably represent the birth of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic in the region. Results from upper Level 4, reported here, indicate a broad meat diet that consisted of diverse wild ungulate and small animal species. The meat diet shifted gradually over just a few centuries to an exceptional emphasis on caprines (mainly sheep). Age-sex distributions of the caprines in upper Level 4 indicate selective manipulation by humans by or before 8,200 cal B.C. Primary dung accumulations between the structures demonstrate that ruminants were held captive inside the settlement at this time. Taken together, the zooarchaeological and geoarchaeological evidence demonstrate an emergent process of caprine management that was highly experimental in nature and oriented to quick returns. Stabling was one of the early mechanisms of caprine population isolation, a precondition to domestication.caprine domestication | zooarchaeology | stabling deposits T he Neolithic brought fundamental transformations to human society and humans' place in natural systems. Early villages reorganized rapidly around new ways of extracting food from the environment, and animal and plant management seem to lie at the heart of many of these changes. The initial conditions of village community evolution are elusive, however, because late forager and forager-producer transition sites are few, in contrast to the abundant records of the later Neolithic. Known exceptions in central Turkey are the early occupations at Aşıklı Höyük in Cappadocia, the ninth millennium occupations at Pınarbaşı and Boncuklu in the Konya Basin (1, 2), and the late Epipaleolithic occupations in Pınarbaşı Rockshelter in Konya and Direkli Cave in Kahramanmaraş (3,4).Few of the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) communities display precocious histories of animal management, although plant cultivation was widespread. Regional contrasts in the early PPN testify to the volatile and locally variable nature of "neolithization" across the Middle East (1, 5-21). Only later in the PPN were certain staple animal foods truly domesticated, some in energetically powerful combinations with plants that would fuel the expansion of Neolithic systems into other world regions.Like the opposing faces of Janus, there are two temporal aspects from which one may view Neolithic origins. Comparisons to the more recent have received the bulk of archaeologists' attention thanks to an abundance of data on the later PPN and historic stock-keeping practices. Looking to the early Neolithic from a deeper past, the Epipaleolithic, is the view less often taken. Comparison data are less easy to come by, but the advantage of this forward-looking view is its consistency with the direction of evolution itself. As revolutionary as neolithization and the emergence of village communities may have been, the Epipaleolithic and PPN ...

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Distribution and extirpation of pigs in Pacific Islands: a case study from Palau

Clark

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Hawkins

et al. 2013

Archaeology in Oceania

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Neolithic arrival in the Pacific involved, as in other parts of the world, the translocation of domesticated plants and animals by pottery-making cultures in prehistory. Globally uncommon, though, was the abandonment of pottery on some islands and the extirpation of the pig (Sus scrofa/verrucosus) and dog (Canis familiaris) -the two largest mammalian quadrupeds introduced to Oceania -from the subsistence and cultural systems. This paper examines the extirpation of pigs from the Palau Islands as a case study to understand why an important domesticate has such an uneven prehistoric distribution. When suids are fed agricultural produce required to sustain the human population, it has been proposed that competition and extirpation will result, especially on small islands with limited arable land. However, pigs are considered problem animals in many environments because of the damage they cause to horticultural production, particularly the effects of free-range pigs on gardens and plantations. It is suggested that extirpation and low-level animal keeping are a response to the threat that pigs pose to plant food yields and social relations.

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Animal Exploitation at Çayönü Tepesi̇, Southeastern Anatolia

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

A new system for computing dentition-based age profiles in Sus scrofa

A new system for computing dentition-based age profiles in Sus scrofa

A forager–herder trade-off, from broad-spectrum hunting to sheep management at Aşıklı Höyük, Turkey

Distribution and extirpation of pigs in Pacific Islands: a case study from Palau

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