Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behaviour

Braestrup, F. W.; Wynne-Edwards, V. C.

doi:10.2307/3564964

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The crux of their argument continues to be that programmed ageing relies on group or population selection (Kirkwood & Melov, 2011;de Grey, 2015). In their view, selection at the group level, as originally proposed by Wynne-Edwards and others, cannot override selection at the level of the individual (Wynne-Edwards, 1962;Maynard Smith, 1976. Detailed arguments concerning evolutionary levels of selection are outside the scope of this review, but see Okasha (2006) for a review of the relevant concepts.…”

Section: Introduction: Ageing and Senescencementioning

confidence: 95%

Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease

Lathe

Clair

2023

Biological Reviews

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The characteristic maximum lifespan varies enormously across animal species from a few hours to hundreds of years. This argues that maximum lifespan, and the ageing process that itself dictates lifespan, are to a large extent genetically determined. Although controversial, this is supported by firm evidence that semelparous species display evolutionarily programmed ageing in response to reproductive and environmental cues. Parabiosis experiments reveal that ageing is orchestrated systemically through the circulation, accompanied by programmed changes in hormone levels across a lifetime. This implies that, like the circadian and circannual clocks, there is a master ‘clock of age’ (circavital clock) located in the limbic brain of mammals that modulates systemic changes in growth factor and hormone secretion over the lifespan, as well as systemic alterations in gene expression as revealed by genomic methylation analysis. Studies on accelerated ageing in mice, as well as human longevity genes, converge on evolutionarily conserved fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors, including KLOTHO, as well as insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) and steroid hormones, as key players mediating the systemic effects of ageing. Age‐related changes in these and multiple other factors are inferred to cause a progressive decline in tissue maintenance through failure of stem cell replenishment. This most severely affects the immune system, which requires constant renewal from bone marrow stem cells. Age‐related immune decline increases risk of infection whereas lifespan can be extended in germfree animals. This and other evidence suggests that infection is the major cause of death in higher organisms. Immune decline is also associated with age‐related diseases. Taking the example of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we assess the evidence that AD is caused by immunosenescence and infection. The signature protein of AD brain, Aβ, is now known to be an antimicrobial peptide, and Aβ deposits in AD brain may be a response to infection rather than a cause of disease. Because some cognitively normal elderly individuals show extensive neuropathology, we argue that the location of the pathology is crucial – specifically, lesions to limbic brain are likely to accentuate immunosenescence, and could thus underlie a vicious cycle of accelerated immune decline and microbial proliferation that culminates in AD. This general model may extend to other age‐related diseases, and we propose a general paradigm of organismal senescence in which declining stem cell proliferation leads to programmed immunosenescence and mortality.

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Section: Introduction: Ageing and Senescencementioning

confidence: 95%

Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease

Lathe

Clair

2023

Biological Reviews

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“…Wynne-Edwards. W opasłej, wydanej w 1962 roku, książce Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behavior [6] przedstawił koncepcję doboru grupowego. Według tej koncepcji w obserwowanych zachowaniach niekorzystnych dla osobnika nie chodzi o dobro gatunku, lecz o dobro grupy.…”

Section: Działalność Naukowa Adama łOmnickiegounclassified

Nauka

Kozłowski,

Weiner,

Woyciechowski

2022

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Fot. Aleksandra WalczyńskaProfesor Adam Łomnicki, członek rzeczywisty PAN, członek czynny PAU, członek Academia Europea, zmarł w Krakowie 15 grudnia 2021 roku. Choć w ostatnich latach nie był już aktywny naukowo, w naszej pamięci pozostanie na zawsze jako Mistrz, przewodnik i wspaniały kolega.Adam Łomnicki walczył z wszechobecną dawniej tytułomanią w nauce. Łatwo przechodził "na ty", nawet ze znacznie młodszymi kolegami. Dlatego w dalszej części tekstu piszemy o nim "Adam", czasem z kontekstu pasuje "Adam Łomnicki", ale nigdy "profesor".

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“…Although programmed aging was first formally proposed by Weismann in 1882 [2], as recently as 2002 it was widely thought to be theoretically impossible because of conflicts with traditional (Darwinian) evolutionary mechanics theory (that describes the nature of the evolution process). However, other evolutionary mechanics theories such as group selection [3], kin selection [4], and evolvability theory [5,6] that support programmed aging concepts (e.g. [7][8][9]) have appeared and it is clear that programmed aging is now better accepted in the gerontology community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammal Aging as a Programmed Life Cycle Function—Resolving the Cause and Effect Conundrum

Goldsmith¹

2023

Preprint

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As recently as 2002 programmed aging in mammals was widely thought to be theoretically impossible based on generally accepted concepts regarding the evolution process. However, as described in this article, genetics discoveries, results of selective breeding, and other direct evidence strongly support the idea that aging creates an evolutionary advantage and that therefore complex biological mechanisms evolved that control mammal aging. Like similar life-cycle programs that control reproduction, growth, and menopause the aging program can adjust the aging trait during an individual’s life to compensate for temporary or local changes in external conditions that alter the optimum lifespan for a particular species population. In addition, genetics discoveries strongly support the evolvability concept to the effect that sexually reproducing species can evolve design features that increase their ability to evolve, and that aging is one such feature.

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Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behaviour

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease

Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease

Nauka

Mammal Aging as a Programmed Life Cycle Function—Resolving the Cause and Effect Conundrum

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