Animal communities in temperate America,

Shelford, V. E.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.21631

Cited by 115 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Shortly after, other early ecologists (e.g. Lampert, 1899;Steinmann, 1907;Shelford, 1913) reported that stream invertebrate taxa had different traits (or combinations of traits) to withstand stressful flows such as a dorsoventrally flattened body, and ⁄ or small size, and ⁄ or suckers, and ⁄ or complicated claws, and ⁄ or ballast gravel and ⁄ or silk fixation (for a review of this older literature, see Statzner, 2008). Later, Thienemann (1918) even formulated a 'law' for such trait responses to stressors.…”

Section: History Of Trait-based Biomonitoring Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can biological invertebrate traits resolve effects of multiple stressors on running water ecosystems?

2010

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SUMMARY1. Accurately assessing the effects of multiple human-caused stressors on freshwater (and other) ecosystems is an essential step in the development of efficient decision support tools for environmental managers. Our objective is to review potentials and limitations of the use of biological traits as indicators (BTIs) of multiple stressor effects on running water (i.e. lotic) ecosystems. 2. Pioneers in ecology provided mechanistic explanations for responses of alternative biological traits to a given stressor and for the action of habitat harshness as a trait filter. These ideas were subsequently integrated in theoretical ecological constructs (e.g. Habitat Templet Concept) that form the basis of the BTI approach. 3. To resolve the effects of multiple stressors on running waters requires multiple traits of a biologically diverse group of organisms such as lotic invertebrates. To meet this goal, however, recently created databases on the biological traits of lotic invertebrates must be expanded and unified. 4. Addressing the technical implementation of the BTI approach, we illustrate that anticipated problems with phylogenetic trait syndromes are seemingly less serious in reality and that presence-absence data of genera and few sample replicates are sufficient for accurate trait descriptions of invertebrate communities. 5. Current trends in politics demand that biomonitoring tools be effective at large scales, i.e. large-scale trait patterns of natural communities (i.e. at reference conditions) should be relatively stable. The trait composition of natural invertebrate communities is relatively stable at the scale of Europe and North America because trait filters of natural lotic habitats act similarly across large biogeographical units. 6. The mechanistic actions of stressors on the biological traits of invertebrates should facilitate a priori predictions, but the complexity of potential trait responses makes such predictions sometimes difficult. 7. To illustrate potentials and limitations of BTIs to identify a given stressor acting exclusively (or primarily), we examine the (i) use of functional feeding groups to indicate the action of various stressors and (ii) trait responses to an indirectly acting stressor (discharge variation) and to a more directly acting stressor (near-bottom flow). If the excessive use of specific traits for the indication of too many different stressors is avoided and a given stressor acts directly on traits as a priori predicted, reliable interpretations of trait responses can be achieved. Thus, the BTI approach has the potential to inaugurate a new era in the biomonitoring of lotic (and other) ecosystems.

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Section: History Of Trait-based Biomonitoring Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can biological invertebrate traits resolve effects of multiple stressors on running water ecosystems?

2010

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“…This may suggest that few Everglades invertebrate species are truly "specialists." Indeed, virtually all species documented from the Everglades are welladapted for harsh, often temporary conditions (Gunderson and Loftus 1993), hence have limits of tolerance (sensu Shelford 1913) that far exceed challenges presented by changes in food resources. Additionally, the south Florida landscape was formed very recently (-5,000 YBP) and has very few endemic species.…”

Section: Assemblage Richness and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroinvertebrate and Fish Responses to Experimental P Additions in Everglades Sloughs

King

Richardson

2008

Everglades Experiments

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“…Ils ont cependant en commun un certain nombre de traits, le caractère central de la foi, la reconnaissance de la seule autorité du texte environnement (Dewey, 1896 ;James, 1904). Cette conception exerce une très grande influence sur l'évolution des idées au sein de la toute nouvelle université, créée en 1892, dans de multiples domaines, en particulier en écologie animale (Shelford, 1913 ;Allee et al 1949) et en biologie, en psychologie, en géographie mais aussi dans les sciences sociales. Dewey occupe à Chicago à partir de 1894 la chaire de philosophie, obtenant que Mead y soit également recruté.…”

Section: L'émergence De La Modernitéunclassified

Environnement, santé : genèse d’un questionnement

Charles¹

1970

Pollution Atmosphérique

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RésuméOn s'est peu interrogé, en France, sur les origines et les arrière-plans de la notion moderne d'environnement, sa dimension réflexive et la question de sa relation avec la santé. La présente contribution s'efforce de présenter certains des éléments et des étapes majeures à ce sujet. D'une part, la vision développée dans l' Antiquité, en mettant plus particulièrement l'accent sur la médecine hippocratique, les explications qu'elle apporte de l'origine de la maladie par les influences de l'atmosphère et du climat, et la trame causale qui la sous-tend, et d'autre part, l'émergence de la vision moderne de l'environnement et ses soubassements dans l'empirisme anglais. Dans une Angleterre soumise, dès le XVI e siècle, à de puissantes transformations religieuses, politiques, philosophiques et sociales, l'empirisme marque la constitution d'un rapport nouveau avec le monde dans lequel l'activité de connaître est étroitement liée à une perspective d'amélioration de la condition humaine, rompant avec la logique restrictive de l' Antiquité pour développer une exploration très large de la phénoménalité du monde dans une démarche active fondée sur l'observation, l'expérience et la généralisation inductive. S'établit ainsi une dynamique d'interrelation avec le monde dans laquelle l'individuation et le sensible prennent une place croissante. Celle-ci s'accompagne d'un renouveau des questionnements en matière de santé dans une perspective à la fois collective et environnementale d'où naîtra par la suite la santé publique moderne. Au fil des évolutions que connaît le XVIII e siècle, ce renouveau apparaît comme un des champs prototypiques dans lequel une action systématique de grande ampleur est conduite sur de multiples composantes de l'environnement à des fins d'amélioration de la condition des populations. Il anticipe l'apparition, à la fin du XIX e siècle, d'une appréhension élargie de l'environnement en termes d'interaction, prélude à l'extension planétaire que celui-ci connaît au XX e siècle et pour lequel la santé, condition d'existence du vivant, n'a cessé de constituer une dimension paradigmatique. Mots-clésenvironnement, réflexivité, santé, Antiquité, empirisme AbstractThe question of the origins and background of the modern notion of environment, of its reflexive dimension and its relationship to health remains poorly examined in France. The present contribution aims at introducing some of the major elements and steps on the subject. On one side, the vision developed in Antiquity, stressing more particularly Hippocratic medicine, the explanation it conveys concerning the origins of disease in terms of atmospheric and climatic influence, the causal framework which underlies it and, on the other side, the emergence of the modern environmental vision and its roots in British empiricism. In a country submitted, from the 16th century, to powerful religious, political, philosophical and social transformations, empiricism induces the constitution of a new relationship to the world where the act of knowing is closely rela...

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Animal communities in temperate America,

Abstract: Turner's ('95) synopsis for Minnesota. In the case of several names not included in any of these works there are contradictory spellings, authors, etc., and we have used some name which we believe will be understood.In bringing together the illustrations, material assistance has been

Cited by 115 publications

References 61 publications

Can biological invertebrate traits resolve effects of multiple stressors on running water ecosystems?

Can biological invertebrate traits resolve effects of multiple stressors on running water ecosystems?

Macroinvertebrate and Fish Responses to Experimental P Additions in Everglades Sloughs

Environnement, santé : genèse d’un questionnement

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