Animal cell cytokinesis: The role of dynamic changes in the plasma membrane proteome and lipidome

Abstract

SummaryIn animal cells, cytokinesis is characterised by the formation of the mitotic spindle that signals the assembly of an actomyosin ring between the spindle poles. Contraction of this ring drives ingression of the cleavage furrow, and culminates in the formation of a thin intercellular bridge between the daughter cells. At the centre of this bridge is the midbody, which is thought both to provide a site of attachment for the plasma membrane furrow and act as foci for the spatial and temporal control mechanisms that drive abscission. This review will focus upon recent studies that offer new insight into these events, in particular studies that elaborate on the mechanism of attachment between the furrow plasma membrane and the underlying cytoskeleton, and how dynamic changes in membrane composition might underpin key aspects of cytokinesis.

Anaphase asymmetry and dynamic repositioning of the division plane during maize meiosis

“…S3I for individual cell data. (Gould, 2016) and the phragmoplast in plants (Müller and Jürgens, 2016). Our observations indicated that chromosomes are asymmetrically pulled away from the spindle mid-zone, suggesting that the distance from the phragmoplast to the chromosomes might also be asymmetric (Fig.…”

Membrane remodeling during embryonic abscission in Caenorhabditis elegans

“…The intercellular bridge is subsequently severed on both sides of the midbody at secondary constrictions, and the midbody remnant is released and subsequently engulfed by one of the daughter cells (Ettinger et al, 2011;Chai et al, 2012;Agromayor and Martin-Serrano, 2013;Elia et al, 2013;Lafaurie-Janvore et al, 2013;Crowell et al, 2014). Several models have been developed to describe the mechanism of abscission (Schiel and Prekeris, 2010;Mierzwa and Gerlich, 2014;Gould, 2016;Schöneberg et al, 2017). Although previous studies suggest that internal membrane compartments fill the intercellular channel and template membrane fusion reactions that divide the cell (Finger and White, 2002;Xu et al, 2002;Low et al, 2003), more recent evidence suggests a role for Rab11/FIP3-positive recycling endosomes and Rab35-bound vesicles in delivering key factors, including OCRL, SCA MP2/3, and p50RhoGAP, which regulate actin organization and help to establish secondary constrictions at future abscission sites (Kouranti et al, 2006;Dambournet et al, 2011;Schiel et al, 2012).…”

MICAL3 Flavoprotein Monooxygenase Forms a Complex with Centralspindlin and Regulates Cytokinesis

“…Membrane trafficking, including both endosomes and secretory carriers, also plays an important role in cytokinesis (5)(6)(7). The small GTPase Rab8, known to label both endosomal and secretory vesicles (8 -11), prominently accumulates at the midbody (12)(13)(14), and its transport to the intercellular bridge is directed by cytoplasmic dynein and the doublecourtin domaincontaining protein-5 (12).…”