Aniline

Kahl, Thomas; Schröder, Kai-Wilfrid; Lawrence, F. R.; Marshall, Will; Höke, Hartmut; Jäckh, Rudolf

doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_303.pub2

Cited by 50 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Meanwhile, aromatic amines are important fine organic intermediate chemicals for the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural chemicals. [39,40] With regard to catalysts used for the catalytic reduction of nitroarenes, heterogeneous catalysts are widely accepted due to their facile separation and recycling. [41] Recently, several non-noble metal-supported catalysts have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐MOF‐Derived Hierarchical Mesoporous Yolk‐shell‐structured Nanoreactor for the Catalytic Reduction of Nitroarenes with Hydrazine Hydrate

et al. 2019

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Porous nanoreactors demonstrate immense potential for applications in heterogeneous catalysis due to their excellent mass‐transfer performance and stability. The design of a simple, universal strategy for fabricating nanoreactor catalysts is of significance for organic transformation. In this study, a nanoreactor with a hierarchical mesoporous yolk‐shell structure was successfully prepared by the high‐temperature carbonization of a ZIF‐67@polymer composite. The core of the resultant Co@ZDC@mC material comprised Co NPs anchored in the ZIF‐67‐derived carbon framework, while the shell comprised resin‐polymer‐derived mesoporous carbon. The as‐obtained Co@ZDC@mC‐700 catalyst enriched reactants, efficiently catalyzed the reaction in the core, and permitted the desorption of the product from the nanoreactor. In the catalytic reduction of nitrobenzene with N2H4⋅H2O, Co@ZDC@mC‐700 exhibited superior catalytic efficiency (TOF=1136.3 h−1). In addition, Co@ZDC@mC‐700 exhibited excellent performance for the catalytic reduction of various functionalized nitroarenes, as well as good reusability and recyclability. Hence, a simple, useful approach for fabricating a metal‐organic‐framework‐derived non‐noble metal‐based yolk‐shell nanoreactor for effective catalytic transformation is proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐MOF‐Derived Hierarchical Mesoporous Yolk‐shell‐structured Nanoreactor for the Catalytic Reduction of Nitroarenes with Hydrazine Hydrate

et al. 2019

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“…Der vorliegende reaktionskinetische Ansatz geht von einem Langmuir‐Hinshelwood‐Mechanismus aus, wobei die Adsorption von Nitrobenzol den limitierenden Teilschritt darstellt. Die entscheidenden Gründe für die Wahl der Reaktionskinetik von Amon sind die Tatsachen, dass diese den industriellen Bedingungen ( p = 1 – 7 bar, T = 523 – 733 K ) am nächsten kommt sowie den größtmöglichen Temperaturbereich abdeckt und dieser auch die Erzeugung von Hochdruckdampf grundsätzlich gewährleistet. Weiterhin bietet der Ansatz nach Amon prinzipiell die Option, eine Katalysatordeaktivierung zu berücksichtigen.…”

Section: Methodik: Dynamische Optimierung Für Den Modellbasierten Reaunclassified

“…Ist es nun möglich mehr Wärme über den Reaktor auszukoppeln, kann diese den Bedarf an externer Energie im Downstream‐Processing reduzieren und somit zur Ressourcenschonung beitragen. Weiterhin könnte durch eine verbesserte Wärmeauskopplung am Reaktor der für diese Reaktion typische hohe Überschuss an Wasserstoff reduziert werden. Der hohe Wasserstoffüberschuss ist als Verdünnungsstrategie zu verstehen und dient vor allem der besseren thermischen Reaktionskontrolle, die aufgrund der starken Exothermie der Reaktion bedeutend ist (vgl.…”

Section: Prozessbeispiel: Anilinsyntheseunclassified

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Model‐Based Design of Energy Efficient Reactors

Päßler

Freund

2018

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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In dieser Arbeit wird ein modellbasierter Ansatz für die Entwicklung maßgeschneiderter, energieeffizienter chemischer Reaktoren vorgestellt. Hierzu wird eine praktikable Größe zur Beschreibung der Energieeffizienz eingeführt und als Zielfunktional der Optimierung genutzt. Zur Veranschaulichung des Ansatzes und der energetischen Bewertungsgröße wird das neue Zielfunktional verwendet, um einen neuen Reaktor für die Anilinsynthese zu entwickeln. Die Energieeffizienz konnte dabei im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen industriellen Anilinreaktoren um das Doppelte gesteigert werden.

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“…Anilines are crucial intermediates in the dye industry and polyurethane manufacturing . They are industrially produced from nitrobenzene hydrogenation, based on heterogeneous Pt, Pd or Cu at 200–300 °C under H 2 gas (1–10 bar) . Switching to milder hydrogenation conditions and catalysts with abundant metals is thus imperative, considering that world consumption of aniline is expected to grow at 5 % per year for the next 5 years…”

Section: Fe/n@c Heterogenous Catalysts In Organic Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogenous Meets Heterogenous and Electro‐Catalysis: Iron‐Nitrogen Molecular Complexes within Carbon Materials for Catalytic Applications

Nicolae

Qiao

et al. 2019

ChemCatChem

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High activity, selectivity and recyclability are crucial parameters in the design of performant catalysts. Furthermore, depletion of platinum‐group metals (PGM) drives further research towards highly available metal‐based catalysts. In this framework, iron‐based active sites supported on nitrogen‐doped carbon materials (Fe/N@C) have been explored to tackle important applications in organic chemistry, for both oxidation and reduction of C−O/C−N bonds, as well as in electrocatalysis for energy applications. This versatile reactivity makes them ideal substitutes to PGM‐based catalysts, being based on abundant elements. Despite important advances in material science and characterisation techniques allowing the analysis of heterogeneous/electro‐ catalysts at the atomic scale, the nature of the catalytically active sites in Fe/N@C remains elusive. Most recent theoretical studies point at individual FeNx single sites as the origin of the catalytic activity. Although their identification is still challenging with current technology, establishing their real nature will foster further research on these PGM‐free and redox‐polyvalent catalysts. In this review, we provide an overview of their applications in both thermal and electrochemical processes. Throughout the review, we highlight the different characterisation techniques employed to gain insight into the catalyst's active sites.

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Aniline

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical and Chemical Properties … Show more

Cited by 50 publications

References 30 publications

Co‐MOF‐Derived Hierarchical Mesoporous Yolk‐shell‐structured Nanoreactor for the Catalytic Reduction of Nitroarenes with Hydrazine Hydrate

Co‐MOF‐Derived Hierarchical Mesoporous Yolk‐shell‐structured Nanoreactor for the Catalytic Reduction of Nitroarenes with Hydrazine Hydrate

Model‐Based Design of Energy Efficient Reactors

Homogenous Meets Heterogenous and Electro‐Catalysis: Iron‐Nitrogen Molecular Complexes within Carbon Materials for Catalytic Applications

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