Anhydrous Ammonia as a Soil Fungicide Against Fusarium and Fungicidal Activity in the Ammonia Retention Zone

Smiley, Richard W.; Cook, R. J.; Papendick, R. I.

doi:10.1094/phyto-60-1227

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Ammonia is volatile and is often released from organic amendments, especially from those having low C : N ratios (Rodríguez-Kábana, 1986;Rodríguez-Kábana et al, 1987;Spiegel et al, 1987;Oka et al, 1993). Anhydrous ammonia has been used to control nematodes and fungal diseases by soil injection (Eno et al, 1955;Smiley et al, 1970;Rodríguez-Kábana et al, 1981. Although many papers concerning the nematicidal and antifungal activities of ammonia have been published in the last 40 years, the use of ammonia for controlling soil-borne diseases has not been accepted commercially.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of ammonia-releasing compounds for control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Oka¹,

Pivonia²

2002

Nematol

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The nematicidal activities of ammonia-releasing and ammonium compounds were tested against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in pot, microplot and eld experiments. Among ten compounds tested, NH 4 OH, (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 and NH 4 HCO 3 showed greatest nematicidal activity at concentrations of 300 mg N/kg of NH 4 or NH 2 in pots. NH 4 OH was found to be the most nematicidal of these compounds. Enclosure of pots containing NH 4 OH-treated soils in plastic bags reduced the concentration of NH 4 OH needed to kill the nematodes from 200 mg N/kg in open pots to only 75 mg N/kg. In a microplot experiment, treatment of nematode-infested soil with NH 4 OH at 70 mg N/kg reduced the root-galling index to 0. In one eld experiment, the nematicidal ef cacy of NH 4 OH on tomato plants at doses of 1000 and 2000 kg N/ha was equivalent to those of Telopic C35 ® or metham sodium in combination with cadusafos. In another eld experiment, NH 4 OH at 500 and 1000 kg N/ha increased tomato yield and at 1000 kg N/ha reduced the galling index, compared with untreated controls. The results suggest that NH 4 OH may serve as a nematicide in alkaline sandy soils.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of ammonia-releasing compounds for control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Oka¹,

Pivonia²

2002

Nematol

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“…Several studies have indicated that higher nitrogen concentration in the soil can reduce Fusarium wilt. Smiley et al (1970) observed that the population of Fusarium roseum f.sp. cerealis (Cke.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cropping systems strategy for effective management of Fusarium wilt in safflower

Rao

Sastry

Craufurd

et al. 2014

Field Crops Research

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In many parts of India intensive cultivation of safflower on Vertisols appears to have aggravated the problem of Fusarium wilt in safflower due to the soil borne fungus, Fusarium 2 oxysporum Schlecht f. sp. carthami Klisiwiez and Houstan (FOC). In a long-term field experiment at Patancheru, India, we evaluated four diverse dryland cropping systems that each included safflower for their effectiveness in controlling Fusarium wilt in safflower. Sorghum (rainy season crop) and safflower (post-rainy season crop) were grown every alternate year as a two-year rotation with: (1) sorghum intercropped with pigeonpea (S/PP-S+SF); (2) cowpea intercropped with pigeonpea (C/PP-S+SF); (3) sorghum followed by chickpea (S+CP-S+SF); (4) sorghum followed by safflower (S+SF-S+SF). Continuous sorghum and safflower (S+SF-S+SF) had higher Fusarium wilt incidence of fully wilted safflower plants (31%) and a larger build-up of fusarium propagules (1728 cfu g -1 of soil) than other cropping systems. The inclusion of a legume such as chickpea in the rotation (S+CP-S+SF) reduced wilt incidence (7% fully wilted plants) and the level of inoculum in the soil to about 800 cfu g -1 . There was a significant increase in safflower seed yield and biomass yield (883 and 1733 kg ha -1 , respectively) in the S+CP-S+SF rotation compared with the S+SF-S+SF rotation (605 and 1323 kg ha -1 , respectively). Nitrogen application at rates of 0 to 120 kg N ha -1 had no effect on wilt incidence in safflower, but increased seed and biomass yield significantly. Intercrop rotations (S/PP-S+SF and C/PP-S+SF) were less effective to manage the Fusarium wilt. The Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) was almost ten times higher in the S+SF-S+SF rotation (2842) compared with the S+CP-S+SF rotation (297). Wilt progress throughout the season in all four systems was linear, with significant differences in intercepts and rates of disease progress among cropping systems; the rate of disease progress was significantly greater in the S+SF-S+SF rotation compared with the other three systems, which were similar. There was also a strong linear relationship between wilt incidence and the number of Fusarium propagules in the soil; regressions had the same slope but different intercepts in each system. There was no relationship between wilt incidence and seed yield; nitrogen had the largest effect on yields.A break from safflower cultivation for one year in the post-rainy season by growing chickpea 3 as a sequential crop after sorghum, or as an intercrop with pigeonpea and sorghum, combined with higher rates of nitrogen application to safflower appears to be an effective strategy for reducing Fusarium populations and sustaining safflower yield. A long-term cropping systems study evaluated effective management option for wilt in safflower Safflower yield was higher in S+SF system following S+CP system in rotation Wilt incidence, build-up of propagules was significantly different among cropping systems Safflower yield was not significantly affected by wilt, but high...

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“…Thus, where the schedule allows a long solarisation period combined with ammonia-pH treatment, the nematode control efficacy could be enhanced considerably. Furthermore, ammonia diffusion in soils is very limited (Smiley et al, 1970); however, the elevation of soil temperatures by solarisation would raise ammonia vapour pressure which might increase its diffusion to deeper soil layers and improve the overall treatment efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of ammonia for controlling nematodes and fungi has not been accepted commercially, although its potential effectiveness has been demonstrated (Eno et al, 1955;Smiley et al, 1970;Rodríguez-Kábana et al, 1981;Oka & Pivonia, 2002). A limitation to the use of ammonia-releasing materials for nematode control is that large amounts are required for satisfactory control and they are often phytotoxic (Rodríguez-Kábana et al, 1987;Stirling, 1991) or simply too expensive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field studies on the enhancement of nematicidal activity of ammonia-releasing fertilisers by alkaline amendments

Shuker¹,

Rosenberg²,

Oka³

et al. 2006

Nematol

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Nematicidal activities of ammonia-releasing organic and inorganic fertilisers, applied with alkaline amendments, were tested against Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita under field conditions. In microplots infested with M. javanica, ammonium sulphate applied with alkaline-stabilised biosolid (ASB) significantly reduced the root-galling index of tomato plants compared with that of plants grown in soils treated with ammonium sulphate or ASB alone. Although ammonia concentrations in the soil treated with broiler litter plus cement kiln dust were high (ca 60-200 mg kg −1 ), this treatment was less effective. Ammonia volatilisation resulted in rather low concentrations of ammonium in the soils treated with alkaline amendments. The combination of ASB and ammonium sulphate reduced the tomato root-galling index and the number of M. javanica juveniles recovered from the soil in a field experiment. On an organic farm, application of slaked lime in combination with broiler litter significantly reduced the root-galling index of pepper plants infested with M. incognita. Calcification of excess hydroxyls in the ASB or lime lowered the soil pH to values normally found in these soils in the field experiments.

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Anhydrous Ammonia as a Soil Fungicide Against Fusarium and Fungicidal Activity in the Ammonia Retention Zone

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Use of ammonia-releasing compounds for control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Use of ammonia-releasing compounds for control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Cropping systems strategy for effective management of Fusarium wilt in safflower

Field studies on the enhancement of nematicidal activity of ammonia-releasing fertilisers by alkaline amendments

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