Anhedonia: a neglected symptom of psychopathology

Snaith, Philip

doi:10.1017/s0033291700026428

Cited by 161 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…An abnormal top-down regulation of emotional processing in the insular cortex has been proposed to have a key role in the pathophysiology of depression (Sliz and Hayley, 2012), which is associated with a blunted emotional response to normally pleasant or rewarding stimuli (Snaith, 1993). In line with this, in a meta-analysis study, Fitzgerald et al (2008) report consistent insula hypoactivity in depression (among other regions) in resting state paradigms and emotional activation studies.…”

Section: Proportional Change In Insula Response To Positive Outcomes mentioning

confidence: 81%

Sex-Steroid Hormone Manipulation Reduces Brain Response to Reward

Macoveanu

Henningsson

Pinborg

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Mood disorders are twice as frequent in women than in men. Risk mechanisms for major depression include adverse responses to acute changes in sex-steroid hormone levels, eg, postpartum in women. Such adverse responses may involve an altered processing of rewards. Here, we examine how women's vulnerability for mood disorders is linked to sex-steroid dynamics by investigating the effects of a pharmacologically induced fluctuation in ovarian sex steroids on the brain response to monetary rewards. In a double-blinded placebo controlled study, healthy women were randomized to receive either placebo or the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) goserelin, which causes a net decrease in sex-steroid levels. Fifty-eight women performed a gambling task while undergoing functional MRI at baseline, during the mid-follicular phase, and again following the intervention. The gambling task enabled us to map regional brain activity related to the magnitude of risk during choice and to monetary reward. The GnRHa intervention caused a net reduction in ovarian sex steroids (estradiol and testosterone) and increased depression symptoms. Compared with placebo, GnRHa reduced amygdala's reactivity to high monetary rewards. There was a positive association between the individual changes in testosterone and changes in bilateral insula response to monetary rewards. Our data provide evidence for the involvement of sex-steroid hormones in reward processing. A blunted amygdala response to rewarding stimuli following a rapid decline in sex-steroid hormones may reflect a reduced engagement in positive experiences. Abnormal reward processing may constitute a neurobiological mechanism by which sex-steroid fluctuations provoke mood disorders in susceptible women.

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Section: Proportional Change In Insula Response To Positive Outcomes mentioning

confidence: 81%

Sex-Steroid Hormone Manipulation Reduces Brain Response to Reward

Macoveanu

Henningsson

Pinborg

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Anhedonia, which is reflected by sucrose preference, is a core symptom of MDD [31] . Immobility in the FST and TST paradigms is interpreted as a passive stress-coping strategy or depressivelike behavior [32] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salvianolic acid B ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in chronic mild stress-treated mice: involvement of the neuroinflammatory pathway

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2016

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating mental disorder associated with dysfunction of the neurotransmitterneuroendocrine system and neuroinflammatory responses. Salvianolic acid B (SalB) has shown a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we examined whether SalB produced antidepressantlike actions in a chronic mild stress (CMS) mouse model, and explored the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like actions of SalB. Methods: Mice were subjected to a CMS paradigm for 6 weeks. In the last 3 weeks the mice were daily administered SalB (20 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 , ip) or a positive control drug imipramine (20 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 , ip). The depressant-like behaviors were evaluated using the sucrose preference test, the forced swimming test (FST), and the tail suspension test (TST). The gene expression of cytokines in the hippocampus and cortex was analyzed with RT-PCR. Plasma corticosterone (CORT) and cerebral cytokines levels were assayed with an ELISA kit. Neural apoptosis and microglial activation in brain tissues were detected using immunofluorescence staining. Results: Administration of SalB or imipramine reversed the reduced sucrose preference ratio of CMS-treated mice, and significantly decreased their immobility time in the FST and TST. Administration of SalB significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and markedly increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in the hippocampus and cortex of CMS-treated mice, and normalized their elevated plasma CORT levels, whereas administration of imipramine did not significantly affect the imbalance between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and cortex of CMS-treated mice. Finally, administration of SalB significantly decreased CMS-induced apoptosis and microglia activation in the hippocampus and cortex, whereas administration of imipramine had no significant effect on CMS-induced apoptosis and microglia activation in the hippocampus and cortex. Conclusion: SalB exerts potent antidepressant-like effects in CMS-induced mouse model of depression, which is associated with the inhibiting microglia-related apoptosis in the hippocampus and the cortex.

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“…Potential explanations for such aversion or indifference include preference for sameness and routine, as shown by autistic humans (for whom stereotypic behaviour is diagnostic, and perseveration typical ;Hutt 1969;Turner 1999); neophobia, the fear of novelty; and/or anhedonia, a reduced capacity to feel pleasure (e.g. Snaith 1993). Neophobia and anhedonia increase with chronic stress (Papp et al 1991;Baker 2000;Bondi et al 2008), with age (Imhof et al 1993;Herrera-Pérez et al 2008), and with being raised in deprived housing conditions (Stevenson 1983;Novak et al 1993), suggesting that they could well increase in animals held long term in barren conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle-aged mice with enrichment-resistant stereotypic behaviour show reduced motivation for enrichment

2010

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For captive animals, living in barren conditions leads to stereotypic behaviour that is hard to alleviate using environmental enrichment. This resistance to enrichment is often explained via mechanisms that decouple abnormal behaviour from current welfare, such as 'establishment': a hypothetical process whereby repetition increases behaviour's predictability and resistance to change. If such hypotheses are correct, then animals with enrichment-resistant stereotypic behaviour should still find enrichments rewarding. Alternatively, this behaviour could reflect a failure to improve welfare: plausible because age and chronic stress increase neophobia and anhedonia. If this hypothesis is correct, animals with enrichment-resistant stereotypic behaviour should value enrichments less than conspecifics. We tested these hypotheses using C57BL/6 mice, Mus musculus, aged 10e11 and 6e7 months, raised in barren laboratory cages. We observed their behaviour in both these and large enriched cages. Enrichment was more effective on the younger animals. However, contrary to ideas about establishment, the spontaneous predictability of stereotypic behaviour did not increase with age; nor was enrichment less effective on more predictable or timeconsuming forms. We assessed the reward value of enriched cages by allowing access via progressively weighted doors (maximum weight pushed corresponding to peak motivation). In older mice, those individuals whose stereotypic behaviour was least reduced by enrichment were also the least motivated to gain access to enrichment. This suggests that the welfare of middle-aged-animals, as well as their stereotypic behaviour, is harder to improve using environmental enrichment. Ó

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Anhedonia: a neglected symptom of psychopathology

Cited by 161 publications

References 33 publications

Sex-Steroid Hormone Manipulation Reduces Brain Response to Reward

Sex-Steroid Hormone Manipulation Reduces Brain Response to Reward

Salvianolic acid B ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in chronic mild stress-treated mice: involvement of the neuroinflammatory pathway

Middle-aged mice with enrichment-resistant stereotypic behaviour show reduced motivation for enrichment

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