Angular Tunneling Ionization Probability of Fixed-in-Space<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Molecules in Intense Laser Pulses

Staudte, A.; Patchkovskii, Serguei; Pavičić, Domagoj; Akagi, Hiroshi; Smirnova, Olga; Zeidler, D.; Meckel, M.; Villeneuve, D. M.; Dørner, R.; Ivanov, Misha; Corkum, P. B.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.033004

Cited by 133 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Alternatively, PMDs can be measured in a reaction microscope [22], where information on the molecular orientation is obtained by electron-ion coincidence. For molecular imaging, circularly polarized light effectively delivers a 360°scan of the aligned molecule [23][24][25], which is an advantage over linear polarization. In the classical trajectory model without Coulomb effects, electrons measured at an emission angle ϕ originate from ionization at the angle ϕ AE 90°with the sign depending on the rotation direction of the field.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Signatures of Molecular Orbital Structure in Lateral Electron Momentum Distributions from Strong-Field Ionization

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Strong-field ionization of aligned diatomic and polyatomic molecules such as O 2 , N 2 , C 2 H 4 , and others in circularly polarized laser fields is investigated theoretically. By calculating the emission-angle-resolved lateral width of the momentum distribution perpendicular to the polarization plane, we show that nodal planes in molecular orbitals are directly imprinted on the angular dependence of the width. We demonstrate that orbital symmetries can be distinguished with the information obtained by observing the lateral width in addition to the angular distributions. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.103004 PACS numbers: 33.80.Rv, 33.20.Xx Progress in strong-field science has led to the possibility to image dynamics in atoms and molecules on the attosecond time scale and angstrom spatial scale [1][2][3]. Laser-based methods to image molecular structure include diffraction of recolliding electrons [4][5][6], Coulomb explosion imaging [7,8], and orbital tomography [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Information about the orbital structure of aligned molecules is also contained in the dependence of the ionization rate on the angle between the laser polarization direction and the molecular axis [15,16] with particular care needed for polar molecules [17]. Rich information is obtained by measuring three-dimensional photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) of aligned molecules. This is possible by combining laser-induced alignment of molecules [18,19] and velocity-map imaging [20,21]. Alternatively, PMDs can be measured in a reaction microscope [22], where information on the molecular orientation is obtained by electron-ion coincidence. For molecular imaging, circularly polarized light effectively delivers a 360°scan of the aligned molecule [23][24][25], which is an advantage over linear polarization. In the classical trajectory model without Coulomb effects, electrons measured at an emission angle ϕ originate from ionization at the angle ϕ AE 90°with the sign depending on the rotation direction of the field. Another advantage of circular polarization is the absence of electron recollisions that could obscure the measured distribution. Nodal structures have been measured successfully for various molecules using many-cycle circularly polarized pulses [26][27][28][29]. Theoretical prediction of the PMDs is complicated by the nonperturbative nature of the ionization process in the commonly used near-infrared fields. Only for very small molecules such as H 2 þ [30] or in proof-of-principle calculations with model orbitals [31], the solution of the timedependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) is an option. In contrast, the strong-field approximation (SFA) can be used to calculate PMDs of arbitrary molecules and often yields accurate results [32][33][34]. In polar molecules, an extended SFA including the Stark shift is beneficial [35][36][37].To the authors' knowledge, none of the published experimental work on molecular imaging has made use of the lateral photoelectron momentum distribution (LPMD), i.e., the distribution of the m...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Signatures of Molecular Orbital Structure in Lateral Electron Momentum Distributions from Strong-Field Ionization

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Figure 2 shows the calculated ratio P /P ⊥ and the experimental values [22]. Note that the laser intensity of the experiment is divided by 2 since a circularly polarized laser was used in the experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently Staudte et al [22] measured the angular tunneling ionization probability of H 2 molecules using a circularly polarized 800 nm intense laser and found that the ratio P /P ⊥ varies as a function of laser intensity. The measured ratio is generally larger than that predicted by the MO-ADK theory, which does not depend on the laser intensity nor on the wavelength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alignment-dependent ionization of hydrogen molecules in intense laser fields

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent experiments showed that the alignment-dependent ionization probabilities of hydrogen molecules vary as a function of laser intensity, and the anisotropy deviates from the prediction of the molecular tunneling ionization model (MO-ADK). To investigate the physical origins of the deviation, we systematically studied the anisotropy of hydrogen molecules in intense laser fields for three wavelengths, 400 nm (multiphoton ionization), 1850 nm (tunneling ionization), and 800 nm (in between), by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with a model potential. The calculated ratio of the ionization probabilities for laser fields parallel and perpendicular to the molecular axis are in reasonable agreement with experiment. Furthermore, by analyzing the molecular wave function and the model potential, we found that the discrepancies between experiment and the MO-ADK prediction originated from the inaccurate coefficients used in the model and that the assumption of isotropy of the effective potential in the tunneling region is invalid.

show abstract

“…AmmosovDelone-Krainov (ADK) theory [3], which is often applied to atoms to compare the absolute values and electric field dependence of ionization rates between theory and experiment, has been extended to treat molecular systems (the molecular ADK model) [14,15]. A qualitative consequence of the molecular ADK model is that the TI rate reflects the geometric structure of the HOMO [16][17][18][19][20]. We can make the physical interpretation that photoelectrons are much more likely to be extracted via tunnelling from the large-amplitude lobe of the HOMO in the opposite direction of the electric field vector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular tunnelling ionization of allyl halides induced by phase-controlled two-colour laser fields

Ohmura¹,

Saito²

2014

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A single-electron picture based on the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree-Fock method: application to the anisotropic ionization and subsequent high-harmonic generation of the CO molecule S Ohmura et al AbstractWe have investigated the molecular tunnelling ionization (TI) of four allyl halide molecules (C 3 H 5 X; X = F, Cl, Br, I) induced by phase-controlled two-colour laser fields consisting of a fundamental light and a second-harmonic light with a pulse duration of 130 fs and an intensity of 10 12 -10 13 W cm −2. The geometric structure of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the four allyl halides can be systematically changed by replacing the halogen atom. We observed phase-dependent orientation-selective molecular ionization in the four methyl halide molecules. The mechanism of molecular TI is discussed in connection with the geometric structure of the HOMO.

show abstract

Angular Tunneling Ionization Probability of Fixed-in-SpaceH2Molecules in Intense Laser Pulses

Cited by 133 publications

References 38 publications

Signatures of Molecular Orbital Structure in Lateral Electron Momentum Distributions from Strong-Field Ionization

Signatures of Molecular Orbital Structure in Lateral Electron Momentum Distributions from Strong-Field Ionization

Alignment-dependent ionization of hydrogen molecules in intense laser fields

Molecular tunnelling ionization of allyl halides induced by phase-controlled two-colour laser fields

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About