2005
DOI: 10.1080/09500340512331326832
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Angular momentum of light

Abstract: Abstract.By means of the Helmholtz theorem on the decomposition of vector fields, the angular momentum of the classical electromagnetic field is decomposed, in a general and manifestly gauge invariant manner, into a spin component and an orbital component.The method is applied to linearly and circularly polarized plane waves in their classical and quantum forms.

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Cited by 26 publications
(50 citation statements)
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“…The general expressions given at the beginning of this paper give the correct result for plane waves [2] and have enabled the paradox associated with the boundaries of a plane wave to be resolved [4]. These results, together with those of this paper, which confirm the validity of the paraxial results (7) and (8), will enable the general expressions for angular momentum (3) and (4) to be applied with confidence to the many configurations of electromagnetic fields that are more complicated than plane or paraxial waves.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 94%
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“…The general expressions given at the beginning of this paper give the correct result for plane waves [2] and have enabled the paradox associated with the boundaries of a plane wave to be resolved [4]. These results, together with those of this paper, which confirm the validity of the paraxial results (7) and (8), will enable the general expressions for angular momentum (3) and (4) to be applied with confidence to the many configurations of electromagnetic fields that are more complicated than plane or paraxial waves.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…It has been shown elsewhere [2][3][4][5] that by expressing the electric field vector as the sum of its longitudinal and transverse components by means of the Helmholtz theorem [6] E(r,t) = ∇ × dV '…”
Section: ∫ × [E(rt) × B(rt)]mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…elsewhere [17] and will not discussed here. The first term of (3), which relates to the properties of free fields and whose divergence is zero (the transverse component of E), gives a contribution of…”
Section: Theorymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We do this by extending our previous decomposition of the angular momentum of the electromagnetic field by means of the Helmholtz theorem [17][18][19][20] to take account of the surface integrals that inevitably arise when dealing with a wave that is of arbitrary extent such as a plane wave. In section 2 of this paper the theory is established and in section 3 the results are applied to plane waves of arbitrary polarization.…”
Section: ∫ × [E(rt) × B(rt)]mentioning
confidence: 99%
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