Angular Momentum in Rotating Superfluid Droplets

O’Connell, Sean M. O.; Tanyag, Rico Mayro P.; Verma, Deepak; Bernando, Charles; Pang, Wei‐Wu; Bacellar, Camila; Saladrigas, Catherine; Mahl, Johannes; Toulson, Benjamin W.; Kumagai, Yoshiaki; Walter, Peter; Ancilotto, Francesco; Barranco, M.; Pí, M.; Bostedt, Christoph; Geßner, Oliver; Vilesov, Andrey F.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.215301

Cited by 41 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…The diffraction patterns are recorded at small scattering angles and, thus, predominantly contain information on the column density of the droplets in the direction perpendicular to the detector plane. 4 He droplets [11,14,16,17]. Spheroidal and prolate shapes result from centrifugal deformation of droplets with considerable angular momentum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previously described for 4 He droplets [11,[14][15][16][17], we ascribe the shape deformation in 3 He droplets to centrifugal distortion. It has been reported that the shapes of rotating 4 He droplets closely follow the equilibrium shapes of classical droplets having the same values of angular momentum [14,16,17,20,21]. This pattern is also expected to be the case of 3 He droplets, which at the temperature of these experiments (∼0.15 K) [29] should behave classically due to the high viscosity of about 200 µP and small mean free path (a few nanometers) of elementary excitations at this temperature [32].…”

Section: Average Angular Momenta and Angular Velocities Of 3 He Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, experiments have been extended to much larger 4 He droplets, containing up to ∼10 11 atoms, and ranging in diameter from hundreds of nanometers up to a few micrometers [10]. Single droplets in this size range have been studied by ultrafast coherent scattering using femtosecond x-ray and XUV pulses from free electron lasers (FELs) and intense, laboratory-based high-order harmonic sources [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. It was found that large 4 He droplets can have sizable angular momentum and can be subject to considerable centrifugal distortion [11,[14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single droplets in this size range have been studied by ultrafast coherent scattering using femtosecond x-ray and XUV pulses from free electron lasers (FELs) and intense, laboratory-based high-order harmonic sources [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. It was found that large 4 He droplets can have sizable angular momentum and can be subject to considerable centrifugal distortion [11,[14][15][16][17]. Rotation of superfluid 4 He droplets is associated with the creation of quantum vortices, a physical manifestation of quantized angular momentum in the bosonic species [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantum vortices inside 4 He droplets have been visualized by doping them with a large number of xenon (Xe) atoms. The dopants are attracted to the vortices, inducing aggregation around the vortex cores and the formation of filament-shaped clusters [11][12][13]17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shapes of rotating normal fluid He3 versus superfluid He4 droplets in molecular beams

et al. 2020

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Previous single-pulse extreme ultraviolet and x-ray coherent diffraction studies revealed that superfluid 4 He droplets obtained in a free jet expansion acquire sizable angular momentum, resulting in significant centrifugal distortion. Similar experiments with normal fluid 3 He droplets may help elucidate the origin of the large degree of rotational excitation and highlight similarities and differences of dynamics in normal and superfluid droplets. Here, we present a comparison of the shapes of isolated 3 He and 4 He droplets following expansion of the corresponding fluids in vacuum at temperatures as low as ∼2 K. Large 3 He and 4 He droplets with average radii of ∼160 and ∼350 nm, respectively, were produced. We find that the majority of the shapes of 3 He droplets in the beam correspond to rotating oblate spheroids, in agreement with previous observations for 4 He droplets. The aspect ratio of the droplets is related to the degree of their rotational excitation, which is discussed in terms of reduced angular momenta () and reduced angular velocities (), the average values of which are found to be similar in both isotopes. This similarity suggests that comparable mechanisms induce rotation regardless of the isotope. We hypothesize that the observed distribution of droplet sizes and angular momenta originates from processes in the dense region close to the nozzle, where a significant velocity spread and frequent collisions between droplets induces excessive rotation followed by droplet fission.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Average Angular Momenta and Angular Velocities Of 3 He Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Shapes of rotating normal fluid He3 versus superfluid He4 droplets in molecular beams

et al. 2020

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Chemistry and physics of dopants embedded in helium droplets

Albertini

Gruber

Zappa

et al. 2021

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Helium droplets represent a cold inert matrix, free of walls with outstanding properties to grow complexes and clusters at conditions that are perfect to simulate cold and dense regions of the interstellar medium. At sub-Kelvin temperatures, barrierless reactions triggered by radicals or ions have been observed and studied by optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The present review summarizes developments of experimental techniques and methods and recent results they enabled.

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Ultrafast Dynamics in Helium Droplets

Bruder

Koch

Mudrich

et al. 2022

Topics in Applied Physics

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Helium nanodroplets are peculiar systems, as condensed superfluid entities on the nanoscale, and as vessels for studies of molecules and molecular aggregates and their quantum properties at very low temperature. For both aspects, the dynamics upon the interaction with light is fundamental for understanding the properties of the systems. In this chapter we focus on time-resolved experiments in order to study ultrafast dynamics in neat as well as doped helium nanodroplets. Recent experimental approaches are reviewed, ranging from time-correlated photon detection to femtosecond pump-probe photoelectron and photoion spectroscopy, coherent multidimensional spectroscopy as well as applications of strong laser fields and novel, extreme ultraviolet light sources. The experiments examined in more detail investigate the dynamics of atomic and molecular dopants, including coherent wave packet dynamics and long-lived vibrational coherences of molecules attached to and immersed inside helium droplets. Furthermore, the dynamics of highly-excited helium droplets including interatomic Coulombic decay and nanoplasma states are discussed. Finally, an outlook concludes on the perspectives of time-resolved experiments with helium droplets, including recent options provided by new radiation sources of femto- or even attosecond laser pulses up to the soft X-ray range.

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Angular Momentum in Rotating Superfluid Droplets

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Shapes of rotating normal fluid He3 versus superfluid He4 droplets in molecular beams

Shapes of rotating normal fluid He3 versus superfluid He4 droplets in molecular beams

Chemistry and physics of dopants embedded in helium droplets

Ultrafast Dynamics in Helium Droplets

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