Angular head motion with and without head contact: implications for brain injury

Smith, Teresa; Halstead, P. David; McCalley, Elizabeth; Kebschull, Scott A.; Halstead, Scott B.; Killeffer, James A.

doi:10.1007/s12283-015-0175-5

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Smith and coworkers (2015) used the University College Dublin Brain Trauma Model (UCDBTM) to evaluate strain response and establish MPS thresholds for indirect (0.15), direct (0.14), and combined loading (0.24) scenarios. 16 Darling and coworkers (2016) used the head model from the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) full body model to evaluate the strain response to two typical loading conditions experienced in football: frontal and crown impacts. 17 The maximum strains occurred in the brainstem for both conditions and had MPS values of 0.088 and 0.045 for the frontal and crown impacts, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Brain Response during Head Impact in Youth Athletes Using an Anatomically Accurate Finite Element Model

Miller

Urban

Kelley

et al. 2019

Journal of Neurotrauma

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During normal participation in football, players are exposed to repetitive subconcussive head impacts, or impacts that do not result in signs and symptoms of concussion. To better understand the effects of repetitive subconcussive impacts, the biomechanics of on-field head impacts and resulting brain deformation need to be well characterized. The current study evaluates local brain response to typical youth football head impacts using the atlas-based brain model (ABM), an anatomically accurate brain finite element (FE) model. Head impact kinematic data were collected from three local youth football teams using the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System. The azimuth and elevation angles were used to identify impacts near six locations of interest, and low, moderate, and high acceleration magnitudes (5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles, respectively) were calculated from the grouped impacts for FE simulation. Strain response in the brain was evaluated by examining the range and peak maximum principal strain (MPS) values in each element. A total of 40,538 impacts from 119 individual athletes were analyzed. Impacts to the facemask resulted in 0.18 MPS for the high magnitude impact category. This was 1.5 times greater than the oblique impact location, which resulted in the lowest strain value of 0.12 for high magnitude impacts. Overall, higher strains resulted from a 95th percentile lateral impact (41.0g, 2556 rad/sec 2) with two predominant axes of rotation than from a 95th percentile frontal impact (67.6g, 2641 rad/sec 2) with a single predominant axis of rotation. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for directional dependence and relative contribution of axes of rotation when evaluating head impact response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Brain Response during Head Impact in Youth Athletes Using an Anatomically Accurate Finite Element Model

Miller

Urban

Kelley

et al. 2019

Journal of Neurotrauma

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“…80 This may be related to current standard certification tests for ice hockey helmets employing linear dominant drop tests to a rigid surface 4 that do not fully reflect the complex loading scenarios experienced in sport. 31,69,73 In nature, linear and rotational acceleration seldom exist independent of each other 21,50 and, as such, both forms of loading have been shown to contribute to head injury. 55 Skull fractures have been more commonly associated with linear acceleration 33,47 whereas rotational kinematics are more commonly associated with concussion and other forms of TBI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Capacity of Ice Hockey Helmets against Different Impact Events

et al. 2016

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Publication AbstractIn ice hockey, concussions can occur as a result of many different types of impact events, however hockey helmets are certified using a single injury scenario, involving drop tests to a rigid surface. The purpose of this study is to measure the protective capacity of ice hockey helmets for different impact events in ice hockey. A helmeted and unhelmeted Hybrid III headform were impacted simulating falls, elbow, shoulder and puck impacts in ice hockey.Linear and rotational acceleration and maximum principal strain (MPS) were measured. A comparison of helmeted and unhelmeted impacts found significant differences existed in most conditions (p<0.05), however some shoulder and puck impacts showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Impacts to the ice hockey helmet tested resulted in acceleration levels below reported ranges of concussion and TBI for falls up to 5 m/s, elbow collisions, and low velocity puck impacts but not for shoulder collisions or high velocity puck impacts and falls. The helmet tested reduced MPS below reported ranges of concussion and TBI for falls up to 5 m/s but not for the other impact events across all velocities and locations. This suggests that the ice hockey helmet tested is unable to reduce engineering parameters below reported ranges of concussion and TBI for impact conditions which do not represent a drop against a rigid surface.

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“…Laboratory tests to evaluate athletic helmets rely on instrumented headforms to produce consistent and reliable kinematic data for assessing head-injury risk. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] While various instrumentation schemes have been implemented to characterize 6 degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) head kinematics, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] the most commonly used and widely validated is the 3-2-2-2 nine accelerometer array (NAA). 11 Recent advances in instrumentation technology may allow for reliable characterization of 6DOF kinematics using a more compact arrangement that incorporates angular rate sensors (ARS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head acceleration measurement techniques: Reliability of angular rate sensor data in helmeted impact testing

Cobb

Tyson

Rowson

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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This study sought to evaluate the suitability of angular rate sensors for quantifying angular acceleration in helmeted headform impacts. A helmeted Hybrid III headform, instrumented with a 3-2-2-2 nine accelerometer array and angular rate sensors, was impacted (n = 90) at six locations and three velocities (3.1, 4.9, and 6.4 m/s). Data were low-pass filtered using Butterworth four-pole phaseless digital filters which conform to the specifications described in the Society of Automotive Engineers J211 standard on instrumentation for impact tests. Nine accelerometer array data were filtered using channel frequency class 180, which corresponds to a −3 db cutoff frequency of 300 Hz. Angular rate sensor data were filtered using channel frequency class values ranging from 5 to 1000 Hz in increments of 5 Hz, which correspond to −3 db cutoff frequencies of 8 to 1650 Hz. Root-mean-square differences in peak angular acceleration between the two instrumentation schemes were assessed for each channel frequency class value. Filtering angular rate sensor data with channel frequency class values between 120 and 205 all produced mean differences within ±5%. The minimum root-mean-square difference of 297 rad/s2 was found when the angular rate sensor data were filtered using channel frequency class 175. This filter specification resulted in a mean difference of 28 ± 297 rad/s2 (1.8% ± 8.6%). Condition-specific differences (α=0.05) were observed for 11 of 18 test conditions. A total of 4 of those 11 conditions were within ±5%, and 10 were within ±10%. Furthermore, the nine accelerometer array and angular rate sensor methods demonstrated similar levels of repeatability. These data suggest that angular rate sensor may be an appropriate alternative to the nine accelerometer array for measuring angular head acceleration in helmeted head impact tests with impactor velocities of 3.1–6.4 m/s and impact durations of approximately 10 ms.

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Angular head motion with and without head contact: implications for brain injury

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

Evaluation of Brain Response during Head Impact in Youth Athletes Using an Anatomically Accurate Finite Element Model

Evaluation of Brain Response during Head Impact in Youth Athletes Using an Anatomically Accurate Finite Element Model

Protective Capacity of Ice Hockey Helmets against Different Impact Events

Head acceleration measurement techniques: Reliability of angular rate sensor data in helmeted impact testing

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