Angular emission profiles of dye molecules excited by surface plasmon waves at a metal surface

Benner, Robert E.; Dornhaus, Ralf; Chang, Richard K.

doi:10.1016/0030-4018(79)90063-4

Cited by 79 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[8][9][10] From theoretical studies it is known that this phenomenon occurs for excited fluorophores within about 200 nm of a thin continuous metallic surface, 11,12 in our case 50 nm thick silver on a glass substrate. A small number of experimental reports of SPCE have appeared, [13][14][15][16] the metal surface. The surface plasmons then radiate into the glass substrate at a sharply defined angle which satisfied the resonance between the fluorophores and the plasmons.…”

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DNA hybridization using surface plasmon-coupled emission

Malicka

Gryczyński

et al. 2004

SPIE Proceedings

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We describe a new approach to measuring DNA hybridization using surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE). Excited fluorophores are known to couple with surface oscillations of electrons in thin metal films, typically 50 nm thick silver on a glass prism. These surface plasmons then radiate into the glass at a sharply defined angle determined by the emission wavelength and the optical properties of the glass and metal. This radiation has the same spectral profile as the emission spectrum of the fluorophores. We studied the emission due to Cy3-labeled DNA oligomers bound to complementary unlabeled oligomers which were themselves bound to the metal surface. Hybridization resulted in SPCE due to Cy3-DNA into the prism. Directional SPCE was observed whether the sample was illuminated from the sample side or through the glass substrate at the surface plasmon angle for the excitation wavelength. A large fraction of the total potential emission is coupled to the surface plasmons resulting in improved sensitivity. When illuminated through the prism at the surface plasmon angle, the sensitivity is increased due to the enhanced intensity of the resonance evanescent field. It is known that SPCE depends on proximity to the silver surface. As a result, changes in emission intensity are observed due to fluorophore localization even if hybridization does not affect the quantum yield of the fluorophore. The use of SPCE resulted in suppression of interfering emission from a noncomplementary Cy5-DNA oligomers due to weaker coupling of the more distant fluorophores with the surface plasmons. We expect SPCE to have numerous applications to nucleic acid analysis and for the measurement of bioaffinity reactions.Measurement of DNA hybridization is now a central component of biotechnology and medical diagnostics. A variety of approaches are available to detect DNA hybridization including the use of intercalating fluorophores, 1,2 dyes which displayed increased quantum yields upon binding to double stranded (ds) DNA, 3,4 fluorescence resonance energy transfer, 5,6 and excimer formation. 7 In all these methods hybridization is detected by a change in the emission spectral properties of the probe which occurs upon formation of double-stranded DNA, typically an increased quantum yield of the fluorophore or an increase in resonance energy transfer.We now describe a new approach to measurement of nucleic acid hybridization which does not depend on a spectral change in the fluorophores. In our approach the intensity change is due to localization of the fluorophore near a thin metal surface by the binding reaction. In several recent reports we described a phenomenon called surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE). [8][9][10] From theoretical studies it is known that this phenomenon occurs for excited fluorophores within about 200 nm of a thin continuous metallic surface, 11,12 in our case 50 nm thick silver on a glass substrate. A small number of experimental reports of SPCE have appeared, [13][14][15][16] the metal surface. The surface p...

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confidence: 99%

DNA hybridization using surface plasmon-coupled emission

Malicka

Gryczyński

et al. 2004

SPIE Proceedings

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“…This decay has been observed experimentally and discussed earlier. [32][33][34][35] Within this distance, an excited ion radiates not only to the vacuum modes but also to the surface plasmon modes. In a linear approximation, one could write the total excited state lifetime, τ as…”

Section: Radiative Lifetime Of An Optically Active Ion Near a Metallimentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Radiative Lifetime of an Activator Ion due to Surface Plasmons

Mishra

Collins

Piquette

2018

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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We consider the lifetime of a phosphor layer situated near a metallic film. We first make general observations of the effect of the plasmons on the lifetime and quantum efficiency of the luminescent ions in the phosphor layer and on the role of the plasmons in the emission process. The effect of the plasmons in the excitation process and on the total luminescence from the system is also discussed. We then derive an expression for the lifetime of the optical ions interacting with the surface plasmon modes using the Einstein A and B coefficient formalism, which requires a determination of the mode density of the surface plasmons. Because the surface plasmons represent a 2-dimensional system, a length parameter must be introduced into the expression of the mode density. We derive this parameter using a semi-classical approach, and show its dependence on the dielectric constants of the system and on the distance from the metallic layer. Recently there has been considerable interest on utilizing surface plasmons in metallic thin films to enhance internal quantum efficiency of luminescent materials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and light emitting diodes (LED). 13-22The most important effect of the surface plasmons on luminescent ions is on their lifetime in the excited state which could contribute to improving the internal quantum efficiency of luminescent materials in the form of a slab or a layer. In this paper, we have studied how the change in the excited state lifetime of the radiating atoms could be described using the dispersion relations of the surface plasmons. The lifetime of an excited ion, τ as measured by the decay measurements consists of two components, radiative lifetime,τ R and nonradiative lifetime, τ N R the reciprocals of which are additive,The radiative lifetime of an ion depends on the transition moments of the ion, i.e., the matrix element of the electric dipole and quadrupole moments or magnetic moments between the excited and ground state wavefunctions of the radiating ions. Normally the radiative lifetime is a characteristic of the optical ion and does not change unless the wavefunctions of the optical ions are perturbed. On the other hand, nonradiative lifetime is associated with the relaxation of the excited state to phonons, lattice defects and impurities with a loss of the excited state energy. It is sometimes possible to increase the nonradiative lifetime by controlling the purity of the material, operating temperature, better material processing etc., thus decreasing the probability of nonradiative relaxation of the ion. From Eq. 1, it can be shown that when the nonradiative lifetime increases, the lifetime of the excited state increases. This increase in lifetime usually results in an increase of the internal quantum efficiency.If a new nonradiative pathway is opened, the nonradiative lifetime will decrease. It will not always decrease the internal quantum efficiency if the transferred energy is not completely lost as it is in the case of phonons. Such could be the case for s...

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“…Once excited by the evanescent light, fluorophores radiate like dipoles. A part of the radiated light may couple to the metal layer -excite surface plasmonsand emit light from the prism-metal layer interface at a sharply defined angle, which is called SPCE [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proposal and a theoretical analysis of an enhanced surface plasmon coupled emission structure for single molecule detection

Uddin

Tanvir

Talukder

2016

Journal of Applied Physics

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We propose a structure that can be used for enhanced single molecule detection using surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE). In the proposed structure, instead of a single metal layer on the glass prism of a typical SPCE structure for fluorescence microscopy, a metal-dielectric-metal structure is used. We theoretically show that the proposed structure significantly decreases the excitation volume of the fluorescently labeled sample, and simultaneously increases the peak SPCE intensity and SPCE power. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of an SPCE based fluorescence microscopy system can be significantly increased using the proposed structure, which will be helpful for enhanced single molecule detection, especially, in a less pure biological sample.

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Angular emission profiles of dye molecules excited by surface plasmon waves at a metal surface

Cited by 79 publications

References 13 publications

DNA hybridization using surface plasmon-coupled emission

DNA hybridization using surface plasmon-coupled emission

Theory of Radiative Lifetime of an Activator Ion due to Surface Plasmons

A proposal and a theoretical analysis of an enhanced surface plasmon coupled emission structure for single molecule detection

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