Angular distributions and differential ranges of Ba products from the interactions ofU238with 0.8-400-GeV protons

Momentum transfer in the fragmentation of copper by 400-GeV protons

“…While such approximations appear to be valid for the fragmentation of light-to mediummass nuclei such as copper, serious problems appear for more complex (and presumably less peripheral) reactions in heavier targets. For example, for ""a production from uranium by high-energy protons, Pandian and Porile (25) have reported a value of k = 27 and a Pr value corresponding to an excitation of only 67 MeV, much too low to be reasonable for the loss of 110 nucleons in a deep spallation process. As noted in the Introduction, a breakdown of the underlying two-step assumption occurs for still more con~plex reactions.…”

Production of Kr and Xe isotopes by interaction of197Au with 0.15–24 GeV protons

“…This shows the dominating contribution of fission at these energies. Following Biswas and Porile [4], several authors have used this new assumption of a collective model of proton-target interaction to try to explain, first some deep spallation characteristics [5,7,8], then light-fragment production [3,9,29]. We note that the fission contribution is smaller for 81Kr than for 8~ As already noted in a previous publication [8], the neutron-deficient characteristics of 81Kr are more pronounced than those of 8~ This is due to the fact that 81Kr is protected towards fi-isobars, which is not the case for 8~ For 85Kr and 86Kr, the ratios <P)exp/(P)fis vary little with incident energy, indicating that even at 2.5 and 24 GeV, fission remains the principal mechanism responsible for the formation of these neutronexcess isotopes.…”