Anglo‐Norman Treaties

Abstract

The union of England and Normandy following the Norman Conquest of 1066 gave rise to a situation where the kings of England also had claims to significant territories in France. The diplomatic efforts the Anglo‐Normans used to safeguard and expand their possessions are famously represented by a sequence of treaties between the kings of England and their neighbors the counts of Flanders. Those concluded in 1101, 1110, and 1163 are the oldest English treaty documents to survive in the original, and other sources reveal they are part of a longer series of agreements extending from 1066 to the late twelfth century. The treaties sought to secure the political and military assistance of the counts with an annual money fief, and exemplify the economic and political transformations of the central Middle Ages that led to the increasing use of paid soldiers.

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