Angle-Resolved Photoemission of Solvated Electrons in Sodium-Doped Clusters

Abstract

Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of the unpaired electron in sodium-doped water, methanol, ammonia, and dimethyl ether clusters is presented. The experimental observations and the complementary calculations are consistent with surface electrons for the cluster size range studied. Evidence against internally solvated electrons is provided by the photoelectron angular distribution. The trends in the ionization energies seem to be mainly determined by the degree of hydrogen bonding in the solvent and the solvation of the ion core. The onset ionization energies of water and methanol clusters do not level off at small cluster sizes but decrease slightly with increasing cluster size.

Magic Numbers for the Photoelectron Anisotropy in Li-Doped Dimethyl Ether Clusters

“…High level quantum chemical calculations for Na(CH 3 OCH 3 ) n and Na(NH 3 ) n clusters by Gunina and Krylov 11 are in agreement with our previous experimental results 10,24 and provide a detailed understanding of the underlying phenomena regarding the character of the electronic structure and the influence of structural fluctuations on the electronic properties.…”

“…The experimental setup, the measurement procedures, and the data analysis are essentially identical to those used in our previous investigations of Na(CH 3 OCH 3 ) n clusters. 10,24 For convenience, we repeat here the main aspects as provided in the experimental part of West et al 10 The experimental setup has been previously described in detail. [21][22][23][24][37][38][39] All measurements were performed in a velocity map imaging (VMI) 40,41 photoelectron spectrometer, which can also function as a time-of-flight mass spectrometer.…”

Metal Transition in Sodium–Ammonia Nanodroplets

“…[11a, 19] Thec lusters are then ionized with the fourth harmonic (266 nm) of aN d:YAGl aser.T he cluster size distribution is determined by mass spectrometry. [11] [11] …”

“…We use apreviously described velocity map photoelectron imaging (VMI) spectrometer [11] to gain information on the eBE and the photoelectron angular distribution (b-parameter) of Na m (NH 3 ) n clusters with sizes in the low nanometer range and average MPMs between 1.2 and 8.8. Thea verage and maximum cluster diameters are approximately 2.4 nm and 3.6 nm, corresponding to 200 and 650 NH 3 molecules, respectively.M ass spectra are shown and discussed in the Supporting Information in Section S1.1, while Section S1.2 describes the determination of the average MPM (Supporting Information, Figure S2).…”

Nanofocusing, shadowing, and electron mean free path in the photoemission from aerosol droplets

“…Electron mean free path data at low electron kinetic energies are essential parameters needed for the description of the behavior of solvated electrons as well as for the quantitative modeling of radiation damage to biological tissues [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. In this context, the data in Table 1 resolve long lasting discussions about the order of magnitude of the eMFP values at very low electron kinetic energies.…”